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Dental  plaques are relatively
 invisible.

Certain  agents(dyes) may be
 used to make the
 supragingival plaques visible
 and such agents are called
 disclosing agents.
   ERYTHROSIN:

   Erythrosin tablets are dissolved into
    a solution or chewed to dissolve in
    the mouth.

   It stains the plaque area red but
    also may stain soft tissues.

   It is the most widely used disclosing
    agent.
 FLUORESCEIN      DYE:

   On application,fluorescein dye stains
    the plaque yellow.

   It does not stain the soft tissues.

   But special light is required to see the
    stained plaque.

   It is more expensive.
TWO     TONE DYES:

   A solution containing a
    combination of two dyes is used.

   Mature plaques are stained
    blue,while new plaques are
    stained red.
 ADVANTAGES-


 Theyhelp to differentiate mature
 and immature plaques.

 They do not stain the gingival
 tissues.
 IODINE   CONTAINING SOLUTIONS:

   They have been used as disclosing
    agents but have the disadvantage of
    causing a high incidence of allergic
    reactions.

   Also have unacceptable taste.,hence
    not preferred.
To stain the plaque,solutions of
 disclosing agents may be used as
 follows.

 Painting   the teeth with a cotton swab.

 Rinsing   the mouth.

 Astablets or wafers to be chewed
 dissolving it in the saliva.The mouth
 should then be rinsed with water.
 Genetically   determined abnormality to a
 chemical.

 Typeof reaction is restricted to individuals
 with a particular genotype.

 Certainbizarre drug effects due to
 peculiarities of an individual are included
 among idisyncratic reactions.
 Barbituratescause excitement and mental
 confusion in some individuals.

 Quinine/quinidine cause
 cramps,diarrhoea,purpura,asthma and
 vascular collapse in some patients.

 Chloramphenicol  produces nondose-related
 serious aplastic anaemia in rare individuals.
 Appearance  of characteristic toxic effects of
 a drug in an individual at therapeutic doses.

 Converseof tolerance and indicates a low
 threshold of the individual to the action of
 drug.

 These are individuals who fall on the
 extreme left side of Gaussian frequency
 distribution curve for sensitivity to the drug.
A single doe of triflupromazine induces
 muscular dystonias in some
 individuals,specially children.

 Onlyfew doses of crabamazepine may cause
 ataxia in some people.

 One tablet of chloroquine may cause
 vomiting and abdominal pain in occasional
 patient.

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Disclosing agents

  • 2. Dental plaques are relatively invisible. Certain agents(dyes) may be used to make the supragingival plaques visible and such agents are called disclosing agents.
  • 3. ERYTHROSIN:  Erythrosin tablets are dissolved into a solution or chewed to dissolve in the mouth.  It stains the plaque area red but also may stain soft tissues.  It is the most widely used disclosing agent.
  • 4.  FLUORESCEIN DYE:  On application,fluorescein dye stains the plaque yellow.  It does not stain the soft tissues.  But special light is required to see the stained plaque.  It is more expensive.
  • 5. TWO TONE DYES:  A solution containing a combination of two dyes is used.  Mature plaques are stained blue,while new plaques are stained red.
  • 6.  ADVANTAGES-  Theyhelp to differentiate mature and immature plaques.  They do not stain the gingival tissues.
  • 7.  IODINE CONTAINING SOLUTIONS:  They have been used as disclosing agents but have the disadvantage of causing a high incidence of allergic reactions.  Also have unacceptable taste.,hence not preferred.
  • 8. To stain the plaque,solutions of disclosing agents may be used as follows.  Painting the teeth with a cotton swab.  Rinsing the mouth.  Astablets or wafers to be chewed dissolving it in the saliva.The mouth should then be rinsed with water.
  • 9.  Genetically determined abnormality to a chemical.  Typeof reaction is restricted to individuals with a particular genotype.  Certainbizarre drug effects due to peculiarities of an individual are included among idisyncratic reactions.
  • 10.  Barbituratescause excitement and mental confusion in some individuals.  Quinine/quinidine cause cramps,diarrhoea,purpura,asthma and vascular collapse in some patients.  Chloramphenicol produces nondose-related serious aplastic anaemia in rare individuals.
  • 11.  Appearance of characteristic toxic effects of a drug in an individual at therapeutic doses.  Converseof tolerance and indicates a low threshold of the individual to the action of drug.  These are individuals who fall on the extreme left side of Gaussian frequency distribution curve for sensitivity to the drug.
  • 12. A single doe of triflupromazine induces muscular dystonias in some individuals,specially children.  Onlyfew doses of crabamazepine may cause ataxia in some people.  One tablet of chloroquine may cause vomiting and abdominal pain in occasional patient.