Types of braking systems used in trains

1. Presented by:-
S. Salim Malik
149Y1A03A9
KSRM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
KADAPA
Presentation on
RAILWAY WAGON BRAKING SYSTEM

2. Abstract:-
In Railway wagon as well as in passenger cars the
braking system plays a very important role to stop the train, to
maintain the speed of the train within specific limit. Brakes are
the devices on the trains to bring it to standstill.
A moving train contains energy, known as kinetic
energy, which needs to be removed from the train in order to
cause it to stop. The simplest way of doing this is to convert
the kinetic energy into heat energy by applying brakes. The
wheels slow down and eventually the train stops. This paper
presents a discussion about the different braking systems
used in railway vehicles. This paper also considers
electrodynamics and electromagnetic braking of trains, which
is of particular importance in high-speed trains.

3.  The brakes are used on the coaches of railway trains to enable
deceleration, control acceleration (downhill) or to keep them
standing when parked.
 While the basic principle is similar from road vehicle, the
usage and operational features are more complex because of
the need to control multiple linked carriages and to be
effective on vehicles left without a prime mover.
 In the control of any braking system the important factors
that govern braking action in any vehicle are pressure, surface
area in contact, amount of heat generation and braking
material used

4. Classification:-
According to the method of their activation,
there are classified as four types
1) Pneumatic Brake
a) Vacuum Brake
b) Compressed Air Brake
2) Electrodynamic Brake
3) Mechanical Brake
4) Electromagnetic Brake

5. 1) Pneumatic Brake:
a) Vacuum Brake:-

6. BRAKE RELEASED:

7. BRAKE APPLIED:

8. i. Automatic Compressed Air Brake System
ii. Straight Compressed Air Brake System
Graduated Release Compressed Air Brake System:
iii. Twin Pipe Graduated Release Compressed Air Brake System
iv. Single Pipe Graduated Release Compressed Air Brake System
b) Compressed Air Brake System:-

9. i. Automatic Compressed Air Brake System:-
Fig:- Principle of automatic compressed air brake system

10. ii. Straight Compressed Air Brake System:-
Fig:- Principle of Straight Compressed Air Brake System

11. iii.Twin Pipe Graduated Release Compressed Air
Brake System:-
Fig:- Principle of Twin pipe graduated release air brake system

12. iv. Single Pipe Graduated Release
Compressed Air Brake System:-
Fig:- Principle of Single Pipe Graduated Release Compressed Air
Brake System

13. 2) Electrodynamic Brake System:-
Transmission of braking force from
traction motors to wheels
Principle of dynamic braking

14. 3) Mechanical Brake:-
Fig:- Principle of wheel-mounted disc brakesFig:- Carbon/Carbon-composite multi-disc system
Fig:-Principle of wheel tread brakes Fig:-Principle of axle-mounted disc brakes

15. 4) Electromagnetic Brake System:-
Fig:- Principle of electromagnetic brake

16. Advantages:-
o High air pressure means only small brake cylinders are
required which can easily he fitted into small spaces on wagon
in air braking system.
o On steam engines vacuum can be created by a very small
ejector. No pressure vessels required for reservoirs.
o In mechanical braking simple in construction, increased
mechanical advantage, equal braking action on all wheels.
o Electromagnetic brakes can develop a negative power which
represents nearly twice the maximum power output of a typical
engine.
o In electrodynamic braking system produces electricity. No
external power is required.

17. Conclusion:-
Vacuum brakes have extremely limited applications because of longer
longer to function and unsuitable for high speed trains.
Air brakes are efficient as compared to vacuum brakes; however they
require considerable stopping distance therefore cannot be used for
emergency braking.
Mechanical brakes should be kept in reserve in parallel with another
braking technique and should be used to completely stop the engine at
low speed.
Electrodynamic brake systems occasionally malfunction because they
have complex circuits. Therefore they cannot be used as emergency
brakes.
Electromagnetic braking in high-speed train is efficient method of
braking.

18. Thank You

19. Any queries ?