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‫با‬ ‫آشنایی‬
‫کارنه‬ ‫کنوانسیون‬
‫تیر‬
‫گردآورندگان‬:
•‫ایزدی‬ ‫محمدرسول‬
•‫مداح‬ ‫مسعود‬
•‫امانی‬ ‫نوح‬
•‫فرهادی‬ ‫رضا‬
•‫پوری‬ ‫سعید‬
‫اهداف‬ ‫و‬ ‫مقدمه‬
•‫با‬‫وجود‬‫رشد‬‫روز‬‫افزون‬‫تجارت‬‫کاال‬
‫در‬‫بین‬‫کشورهای‬‫مختلف‬،‫جهان‬‫و‬
‫تحویل‬‫کاال‬‫از‬‫کشور‬‫مبداء‬‫به‬‫کشور‬
،‫مقصد‬‫و‬‫همچنین‬‫با‬‫توجه‬‫به‬‫مشکالت‬
‫متعددی‬‫که‬‫در‬‫این‬‫مهم‬‫وجود‬،‫داشت‬
‫از‬‫جمله‬‫عدم‬‫مقررات‬‫متحدالشکل‬‫و‬
‫وجود‬‫سلیقه‬‫های‬‫و‬‫مقررات‬‫مختلف‬
‫خصوصا‬‫در‬‫زمینه‬،‫گمرکی‬،‫لذا‬
‫کشورها‬‫برآن‬‫شدند‬‫تا‬‫با‬‫تدوین‬
‫کنوانسیون‬،‫متحدالشکل‬‫رویه‬‫ای‬
‫ماده‬1‫کنوانسیون‬
•‫ماده‬1-‫اصطالحات‬‫کارنه‬‫تیر‬:
•‫اصطالح‬‫حمل‬‫و‬‫نقل‬‫تیر‬:‫به‬‫حمل‬‫و‬‫نقل‬‫کاالها‬‫از‬‫یک‬
‫اداره‬‫گمرک‬‫مبدا‬‫به‬‫یک‬‫اداره‬‫گمرک‬‫مقصد‬‫تحت‬
‫ای‬‫رویه‬‫به‬‫نام‬‫رویه‬‫تیر‬‫به‬‫شرح‬‫این‬‫کنوانسیون‬
‫اطالق‬‫شود‬‫می‬.
‫اصطالح‬‫عملیات‬‫تیر‬:‫به‬‫قسمتی‬‫از‬‫حمل‬‫و‬‫نقل‬‫تیر‬
‫اطالق‬‫شود‬‫می‬‫که‬‫در‬‫یک‬‫کشور‬‫عضو‬‫کنوانسیون‬‫از‬‫یک‬
‫اداره‬‫گمرک‬‫مبدا‬‫یا‬‫از‬‫یک‬‫اداره‬‫گمرک‬‫ورودی‬
(‫بین‬‫راهی‬)‫به‬‫یک‬‫اداره‬‫گمرک‬‫مقصد‬‫یا‬‫به‬‫یک‬
‫اداره‬‫گمرک‬‫خروجی‬(‫بین‬‫راهی‬)‫انجام‬‫گیرد‬.
‫اصطالح‬‫شروع‬‫عملیات‬‫تیر‬:‫عبارتست‬‫از‬‫ارائه‬‫وسیله‬
‫نقلیه‬‫جاده‬،‫ای‬‫ترکیبی‬‫از‬‫وسائط‬‫نقلیه‬‫یا‬
‫کانتینر‬‫همراه‬‫با‬‫بار‬‫و‬‫کارنه‬‫تیر‬‫مربوط‬‫به‬
‫گمرک‬‫مبدا‬‫یا‬‫بین‬‫راهی‬‫ورودی‬‫جهت‬‫کنترل‬‫و‬
‫پذیرفته‬‫شدن‬‫کارنه‬‫تیر‬‫توسط‬‫گمرک‬.
•‫اصطالح‬‫پایان‬‫عملیات‬‫تیر‬:‫عبارتست‬‫از‬‫ارائه‬‫وسیله‬
‫ماده‬1‫کنوانسیون‬
‫اصطالح‬‫صدوری‬ ‫یا‬ ‫ورودی‬ ‫مالیاتهای‬ ‫و‬ ‫حقوق‬:‫از‬ ‫عبارتست‬
‫وجوهی‬ ‫و‬ ‫عوارض‬ ،‫مالیاتها‬ ،‫حقوق‬ ‫سایر‬ ‫و‬ ‫گمرکی‬ ‫حقوق‬
‫می‬ ‫وصول‬ ‫کاالها‬ ‫صادرات‬ ‫یا‬ ‫واردات‬ ‫با‬ ‫ارتباط‬ ‫در‬ ‫که‬
‫بهای‬ ‫بابت‬ ‫که‬ ‫هائی‬ ‫هزینه‬ ‫و‬ ‫وجوه‬ ‫استثناء‬ ‫به‬ ‫شود‬
‫شود‬ ‫می‬ ‫پرداخت‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫تقریبی‬.
‫ای‬ ‫جاده‬ ‫نقلیه‬ ‫وسیله‬ ‫اصطالح‬:‫به‬ ‫فقط‬ ‫نه‬‫هرگونه‬‫وسیله‬
‫ای‬ ‫جاده‬ ‫نقلیه‬‫بلکه‬ ‫موتوردار‬‫نوع‬ ‫هر‬ ‫به‬ ‫همچنین‬‫تریلریا‬‫نیمه‬
‫مزبور‬ ‫موتوردار‬ ‫ای‬ ‫جاده‬ ‫نقلیه‬ ‫وسیله‬ ‫به‬ ‫اتصال‬ ‫جهت‬ ‫که‬ ‫تریلری‬
‫شود‬ ‫می‬ ‫اطالق‬ ‫باشد‬ ‫شده‬ ‫طراحی‬.
‫نقلیه‬ ‫وسائط‬ ‫ترکیب‬ ‫اصطالح‬:‫هم‬ ‫به‬ ‫متصل‬ ‫نقلیه‬ ‫وسایط‬ ‫به‬
‫می‬ ‫اطالق‬ ‫کند‬ ‫می‬ ‫حرکت‬ ‫جاده‬ ‫در‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫یک‬ ‫صورت‬ ‫به‬ ‫که‬
‫شود‬.
‫کانتینر‬ ‫اصطالح‬:‫نقل‬ ‫و‬ ‫حمل‬ ‫تجهیزات‬ ‫از‬ ‫مجزائی‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫به‬
(‫مشابه‬ ‫های‬ ‫سازه‬ ‫سایر‬ ‫یا‬ ‫متحرک‬ ‫مخزن‬ ،‫یخدان‬)‫اطالق‬
‫که‬ ‫شود‬ ‫می‬:
‫الف‬-‫که‬ ‫نحوی‬ ‫به‬ ‫باشد‬ ‫محصور‬ ‫آن‬ ‫از‬ ‫قسمتی‬ ‫یا‬ ‫تمام‬
‫دهد‬ ‫تشکیل‬ ‫کاالها‬ ‫دادن‬ ‫جا‬ ‫جهت‬ ‫را‬ ‫ای‬‫محفظه‬.‫ب‬-‫دوام‬ ‫با‬
‫ماده‬1‫کنوانسیون‬
‫اصطالح‬‫اداره‬‫گمرک‬‫مبدا‬:‫عبارتست‬‫از‬‫ای‬‫گمرکحانه‬
‫در‬‫یک‬‫کشور‬‫متعاهد‬‫که‬‫حمل‬‫و‬‫نقل‬‫تیر‬‫یک‬‫محموله‬
‫یا‬‫بخشی‬‫از‬‫یک‬‫محموله‬‫از‬‫آن‬‫شروع‬‫می‬‫شود‬.
‫اصطالح‬‫اداره‬‫گمرک‬‫مقصد‬:‫عبارتست‬‫از‬‫ای‬‫گمرکحانه‬
‫در‬‫یک‬‫کشور‬‫متعاهد‬‫که‬‫حمل‬‫و‬‫نقل‬‫تیر‬‫یک‬‫محموله‬
‫یا‬‫بخشی‬‫از‬‫یک‬‫محموله‬‫از‬‫آن‬‫خاتمه‬‫یابد‬‫می‬.
‫اصطالح‬‫اداره‬‫گمرک‬‫بین‬‫راهی‬:‫عبارتست‬‫از‬
‫ای‬‫گمرکخانه‬‫در‬‫یک‬‫کشور‬‫متعاهد‬‫که‬‫از‬‫طریق‬‫آن‬
‫یک‬‫وسیله‬‫نقلیه‬،‫ای‬‫جاده‬‫ترکیبی‬‫از‬‫وسائط‬‫نقلیه‬
‫یا‬‫کانتینر‬‫در‬‫طول‬‫یک‬‫حمل‬‫و‬‫نقل‬‫تیر‬‫به‬‫کشور‬
‫مزبور‬‫وارد‬‫یا‬‫از‬‫آن‬‫خارج‬‫می‬‫شود‬.
‫اصطالح‬‫شخص‬:‫اعم‬‫است‬‫از‬‫شخص‬‫حقیقی‬‫و‬‫حقوقی‬.
‫اصطالح‬‫دارنده‬‫کارنه‬‫تیر‬:‫عبارت‬‫خواهد‬‫بود‬‫از‬
‫شخصی‬‫که‬‫کارنه‬‫تیر‬‫مطابق‬‫مقررات‬‫کنوانسیون‬
‫تیر‬ ‫کنوانسیون‬ ‫پیدایش‬ ‫های‬ ‫زمینه‬
•‫جهانی‬ ‫جنگ‬ ‫پایان‬ ‫تاثیر‬
‫دوم‬
•‫و‬ ‫تیر‬ ‫کنوانسیون‬ ‫تدوین‬
‫آن‬ ‫از‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫اصالحات‬
•‫به‬ ‫ایران‬ ‫الحاق‬
‫تیر‬ ‫کنوانسیون‬1349
‫کنوانسیون‬ ‫قلمرو‬
‫کنوانسیون‬ ‫قلمرو‬
•‫کنوانسیون‬ ‫شمول‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫که‬ ‫مناطقی‬
‫است‬ ‫تیر‬.‫و‬ ‫دریا‬ ،‫آهن‬ ‫راه‬ ،‫جاده‬
!!! ...‫؟؟؟‬
•‫ماده‬2‫کنوانسیون‬:
‫نقل‬ ‫و‬ ‫حمل‬ ‫شامل‬ ‫کنوانسیون‬ ‫این‬
‫نقلیه‬ ‫وسائط‬ ‫توسط‬ ‫که‬ ‫است‬ ‫کاالهایی‬
‫نقلیه‬ ‫وسائط‬ ‫از‬ ‫ترکیبی‬ ،‫ای‬‫جاده‬
‫در‬ ‫مجدد‬ ‫بارگیری‬ ‫بدون‬ ‫کانتینر‬ ‫یا‬
‫مبدا‬ ‫گمرک‬ ‫اداره‬ ‫یک‬ ‫از‬ ‫راه‬ ‫بین‬
‫یک‬ ‫تا‬ ‫متعاهد‬ ‫کشور‬ ‫یک‬ ‫در‬ ‫واقع‬
‫متعاهد‬ ‫کشور‬ ‫در‬ ‫مقصد‬ ‫گمرک‬ ‫اداره‬
‫و‬ ‫شد‬ ‫و‬ ‫آمد‬ ‫در‬ ‫تسهیل‬
‫گمرکات‬ ‫در‬ ‫توقف‬
‫توقف‬ ‫و‬ ‫شد‬ ‫و‬ ‫آمد‬ ‫در‬ ‫تسهیل‬
‫گمرکات‬ ‫در‬
‫گمرکات‬ ‫و‬ ‫مرز‬ ‫از‬ ‫عبور‬ ‫چگونگی‬
•‫مبداء‬ ‫گمرک‬ ‫در‬ ‫پلمپ‬ ‫و‬ ‫بازرسی‬
‫گمرکات‬ ‫و‬ ‫مرز‬ ‫از‬ ‫عبور‬ ‫چگونگی‬
•‫تیر‬ ‫کارنه‬ ‫دفترچه‬ ‫تنظیم‬ ‫و‬ ‫تهیه‬
•‫دفترچه‬ ‫زبان‬
•‫جهانی‬ ‫متولی‬RU(Internationl Road transport Union)
•‫جهانی‬ ‫سازمان‬ ‫مقر‬:‫ژنو‬
•‫ماده‬3‫کنوانسیون‬:
‫شود‬ ‫جاری‬ ‫کنوانسیون‬ ‫این‬ ‫مقررات‬ ‫اینکه‬ ‫برای‬:
‫الف‬-‫نقلیه‬ ‫وسائط‬ ‫توسط‬ ‫باید‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫و‬ ‫حمل‬ ‫عملیات‬
‫که‬ ‫ها‬‫کانتینر‬ ‫یا‬ ‫نقلیه‬ ‫وسائط‬ ‫از‬ ‫ترکیبی‬ ،‫ای‬‫جاده‬
‫کانتینرها‬ ‫و‬ ‫نقلیه‬ ‫وسائط‬ ‫قبولی‬ ‫شرایط‬ ‫تحت‬
‫خودروهای‬ ‫یا‬ ‫ای‬‫جاده‬ ‫نقلیه‬ ‫وسایط‬ ‫یا‬ ‫اند‬‫بوده‬
‫های‬‫ماشین‬ ،‫ها‬‫جرثقیل‬ ،‫ها‬‫اتوبوس‬ ‫مانند‬ ‫مخصوص‬
‫این‬ ‫به‬ ‫و‬ ‫شود‬ ‫حمل‬ ‫امثالهم‬ ‫و‬ ‫بتونیرها‬ ،‫جاروب‬
‫تا‬ ‫مبدا‬ ‫گمرک‬ ‫از‬ ‫را‬ ‫سفر‬ ‫که‬ ‫کاالیی‬ ‫عنوان‬ ‫به‬ ‫جهت‬
‫گردد‬ ‫می‬ ‫حمل‬ ‫نیاز‬ ‫مورد‬ ‫شرایط‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫مقصد‬ ‫گمرک‬
‫شود‬ ‫می‬ ‫اطالق‬.‫خودروها‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫این‬ ‫که‬ ‫صورتی‬ ‫در‬
‫الزم‬ ‫شرایط‬ ‫بایستی‬ ‫کنند‬ ‫می‬ ‫حمل‬ ‫را‬ ‫دیگری‬ ‫کاالهای‬
‫پاسخ‬ ‫و‬ ‫پرسش‬

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