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• Ni gesi inayotokana na
uchachukaji wa vinyesi vya
wanyama au masalia ya
Mashambani / jikoni katika
mazingira yasiyo na hewa ya
Oksijeni (anaerobic digestion).
HAKUNA
HEWA YA
OKSIJENI
Kinyesi + maji/mkojo
(Wanga + mafuta + protini + maji)
Biogesi Mbolea
tope chujio
Uchachukaji/uvundaji
Pasipo na hewa
Post treatment Mimea
Nishati
• Teknolojia ya biogas imekuwepo duniani
kwa muda mrefu sana. Iliingia nchini
Tanzania kupitia shirika la SIDO takribani
miaka ya 1970 kutokea nchini India. Kwa
wakati huu India walikuwa wanatumia
muundo wa pipa linaloelea (Floating
Drum) na ndiyo muundo SIDO
walioeneza hapa nchini.
• Muundo huu ulionekana kuwa na changamoto
ya pipa la chuma kupata kutu kutoboka na
kumwongezea mteja gharama kubwa ya
ukarabati.
• Baada ya kuzaliwa kwa Tasisi ya CAMARTEC
(Centre of Agriculture MechanizationAndRural
TEChnology-1983) Wataalamu walifanyia
marekebisho muundo wa mtambo wa kichina
uitwao “Chinese Fixed Dome” na hivyo kuzalisha
aina ya mtambo uitwao “ CAMARTEC FIXED
DOME PLANT”.
Miaka michache baadaye
maboresho yalifanyika tena
katika harakati za kupunguza
gharama za ujenzi wa mitambo
na kuzalisha aina mpya inaoitwa
“ MODIFIED CAMARTEC DOME
- MCD”.
Aina hii ya mtambo ambayo
ndiyo tunayoineza kwa sasa
inaweza kupatikana kwa ujazo
wa kiwango cha 4m3, 6m3, 9m3
na 13m3 na rahisi kujenga.
JINSI MTAMBO ULIVYO KWA NDANI
• Kwa kushirikiana na Tasisi ya SNV mwaka 2011
Watafiti walibuni aina ya mtambo unaostawi
maeneo ya wafugaji yaliyokithiri kwa ukame.
Mtambo huu unaitwa,
“SOLID STATE DIGESTER- SSD”. Mitambo hii
imepata umaarufu mkubwa ndani na nje ya nchi
kutokana na ubora wake katika uzalishaji wa
gesi. Juhudi hizi zimetoa fursa kwa kila
Mtanzania (mfugaji) mwenye nia kujenga
Mtambo unaoendana na mazingira anamoishi.
Chemba Ya
Kukorogea
CHEMBA YA
KUINGIZIA
MBOLEA
Chemba
ya
majaribio
Chemba
Mtanuko
Mdomo wa
kutolea
mbolea
• Kinachoiwezeshesha bio-gas kuwaka ni
gesi aina ya “Methen”ambayo ndiyo
nyingi katika aina tatu za gesi
zinazozaliwa wakati wa uchakachukaji.
- Methene (CH4) ………….…70 – 75%
- Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) ..1 – 5%
- Carbon Dioxide (CO2)…..25 – 30%
• Haina moshi
• Hailipuki kama ikivuja ndani ya chumba
• Ina nguvu ya kupika chakula kwa muda
mfupi
• Haisababishi masizi kwenye sufuria
• Inamwondolea mteja gharama za
kununua gesi kila wakati.
•KIPATO
•NIA
• Kupikia jikoni
• Kuwasha taa
• Kupoozeshea
chakula(FRIJI)
• Kuendesha
mitambo.
Utunzaji wa
mazingira na
kupunguza
uharibifu wa
utando ulioko
angani
“ozone
layer”
Jinsi miyele ya jua inavyopozwa na utando angani
(Ozone layer)
• Ruzuku kutoka kwa mfadhili (200,000)
• Kuchagua aina ya mtambo mtambo unaolingana na
uwezo wa familia.
• Kutafuta taarifa za upatikanaji wa vifaa.
• Kuunganisha wateja kwa baadhi ya vifaa, mf. Chicken
wire, wire mersh, mchanga, nk.
• Mafunzo ya mafundi wapatikanao maeneo husika.
(Hadi sasa tuna mafundi 56 ambao wameunda vikundi
11 vya ujasiriamali- BCEs)
• Kuunganisha wateja na tasisi za kutoa mikopo, mf.
SACCOS, BANK (MRCB-Mwanga).
”Ni mabaki ya
Samadi
yanayopatikana
yakiwa katika hali ya
tope/uji mzito baada
ya mtambo wa bio-
gas kuzalisha gesi”.
•Naitrojeni 35 – 50%
•Fosforas (P205) 18 – 25%
•Potasiam (K20)– 15 – 20%
• Upatikanaji wake si rahisi inapohitajika.
• Inapokuwa katika hali ya uji-uji ina usumbufu
katika kusafirisha kwenda shambani.
• Baadhi ya wafugaji wanajiskia kinyaa kutumia
Tope-chujio lililounganishwa na choo.
• Hakuna tekinolojia ya kutosha iliyopo kuhusu
matumizi bora ya tope-chujio.
• Baadh ya Wateja kushindwa kununua vifaa
vinavyohitajika katika ujenzi kwa wakati.
• Baadhi ya wateja kushindwa kurejesha mikopo
yao kwa taasisi husuka. Mf. Mwanga Bank(MRCB)
• Wateja wengi kutokuwa na taarifa za kuwepo kwa
mradi katika maeneo yao (lack of Awareness).
• Kupunguzwa kwa ruzuku kutoka kwa Mfadhili.
• Ukosefu wa elimu ya kutosha kuhusu matumizi
sahihi ya tope-chujio.
• Mwitikio wa serikali ni mdogo kiushirikiano.
Presentation on Biogas Technology

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Presentation on Biogas Technology

  • 1.
  • 2. • Ni gesi inayotokana na uchachukaji wa vinyesi vya wanyama au masalia ya Mashambani / jikoni katika mazingira yasiyo na hewa ya Oksijeni (anaerobic digestion).
  • 4. Kinyesi + maji/mkojo (Wanga + mafuta + protini + maji) Biogesi Mbolea tope chujio Uchachukaji/uvundaji Pasipo na hewa Post treatment Mimea Nishati
  • 5. • Teknolojia ya biogas imekuwepo duniani kwa muda mrefu sana. Iliingia nchini Tanzania kupitia shirika la SIDO takribani miaka ya 1970 kutokea nchini India. Kwa wakati huu India walikuwa wanatumia muundo wa pipa linaloelea (Floating Drum) na ndiyo muundo SIDO walioeneza hapa nchini.
  • 6. • Muundo huu ulionekana kuwa na changamoto ya pipa la chuma kupata kutu kutoboka na kumwongezea mteja gharama kubwa ya ukarabati. • Baada ya kuzaliwa kwa Tasisi ya CAMARTEC (Centre of Agriculture MechanizationAndRural TEChnology-1983) Wataalamu walifanyia marekebisho muundo wa mtambo wa kichina uitwao “Chinese Fixed Dome” na hivyo kuzalisha aina ya mtambo uitwao “ CAMARTEC FIXED DOME PLANT”.
  • 7. Miaka michache baadaye maboresho yalifanyika tena katika harakati za kupunguza gharama za ujenzi wa mitambo na kuzalisha aina mpya inaoitwa “ MODIFIED CAMARTEC DOME - MCD”. Aina hii ya mtambo ambayo ndiyo tunayoineza kwa sasa inaweza kupatikana kwa ujazo wa kiwango cha 4m3, 6m3, 9m3 na 13m3 na rahisi kujenga.
  • 9. • Kwa kushirikiana na Tasisi ya SNV mwaka 2011 Watafiti walibuni aina ya mtambo unaostawi maeneo ya wafugaji yaliyokithiri kwa ukame. Mtambo huu unaitwa, “SOLID STATE DIGESTER- SSD”. Mitambo hii imepata umaarufu mkubwa ndani na nje ya nchi kutokana na ubora wake katika uzalishaji wa gesi. Juhudi hizi zimetoa fursa kwa kila Mtanzania (mfugaji) mwenye nia kujenga Mtambo unaoendana na mazingira anamoishi.
  • 11. • Kinachoiwezeshesha bio-gas kuwaka ni gesi aina ya “Methen”ambayo ndiyo nyingi katika aina tatu za gesi zinazozaliwa wakati wa uchakachukaji. - Methene (CH4) ………….…70 – 75% - Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) ..1 – 5% - Carbon Dioxide (CO2)…..25 – 30%
  • 12. • Haina moshi • Hailipuki kama ikivuja ndani ya chumba • Ina nguvu ya kupika chakula kwa muda mfupi • Haisababishi masizi kwenye sufuria • Inamwondolea mteja gharama za kununua gesi kila wakati.
  • 14. • Kupikia jikoni • Kuwasha taa • Kupoozeshea chakula(FRIJI) • Kuendesha mitambo.
  • 15. Utunzaji wa mazingira na kupunguza uharibifu wa utando ulioko angani “ozone layer” Jinsi miyele ya jua inavyopozwa na utando angani (Ozone layer)
  • 16. • Ruzuku kutoka kwa mfadhili (200,000) • Kuchagua aina ya mtambo mtambo unaolingana na uwezo wa familia. • Kutafuta taarifa za upatikanaji wa vifaa. • Kuunganisha wateja kwa baadhi ya vifaa, mf. Chicken wire, wire mersh, mchanga, nk. • Mafunzo ya mafundi wapatikanao maeneo husika. (Hadi sasa tuna mafundi 56 ambao wameunda vikundi 11 vya ujasiriamali- BCEs) • Kuunganisha wateja na tasisi za kutoa mikopo, mf. SACCOS, BANK (MRCB-Mwanga).
  • 17.
  • 18. ”Ni mabaki ya Samadi yanayopatikana yakiwa katika hali ya tope/uji mzito baada ya mtambo wa bio- gas kuzalisha gesi”.
  • 19. •Naitrojeni 35 – 50% •Fosforas (P205) 18 – 25% •Potasiam (K20)– 15 – 20%
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23. • Upatikanaji wake si rahisi inapohitajika. • Inapokuwa katika hali ya uji-uji ina usumbufu katika kusafirisha kwenda shambani. • Baadhi ya wafugaji wanajiskia kinyaa kutumia Tope-chujio lililounganishwa na choo. • Hakuna tekinolojia ya kutosha iliyopo kuhusu matumizi bora ya tope-chujio.
  • 24. • Baadh ya Wateja kushindwa kununua vifaa vinavyohitajika katika ujenzi kwa wakati. • Baadhi ya wateja kushindwa kurejesha mikopo yao kwa taasisi husuka. Mf. Mwanga Bank(MRCB) • Wateja wengi kutokuwa na taarifa za kuwepo kwa mradi katika maeneo yao (lack of Awareness). • Kupunguzwa kwa ruzuku kutoka kwa Mfadhili. • Ukosefu wa elimu ya kutosha kuhusu matumizi sahihi ya tope-chujio. • Mwitikio wa serikali ni mdogo kiushirikiano.