2. 1. Overview
2. Print Media
3. Newspapers in Bangladesh
4. Television and radio
5. Electronic Media
6. Private Electronic Media
7. Role of Electronic Media
8. Internet Media
9. Foreign Media in Bangladesh
10. Restrictive Policy
11. Economy & Social Development
3. The media of Bangladesh refers to the print,
broadcast and online mass media available in
Bangladesh. The Constitution guarantees
press freedom and freedom of expression
within "reasonable restriction", though some
media outlets have been harassed.
4. As on March 17, 2003, declaration had been
given to 496 dailies, of which 330 are being
published. Declarations were granted to 806
weeklies, of which only 470 are coming out
while out of 212 fortnights, only 168 see the
stands.
However, this is an encouraging sign that so
many newspapers and weeklies are coming
out in this country. Capital city Dhaka tops
the list of daily newspapers published from
any particular city of Bangladesh.
7. Bangladesh Betar and Bangladesh Television
is the country's two state-own TV and radio
channels. These are considered the
mouthpieces of the government. Opposition
news is hardly broadcast by these two
electronic media.
9. In leading a nation towards a new height of
development, electronic media can play a
tremendous role. Electronic media in
Western countries does more than what their
people expect, supporting their national
development efforts, expanding their
markets, selling their cultures and imposing
their political ideologies on other parts of
the world. In South Asia, India is another
example where over a hundred satellites TV
channels are being operated, promoting their
culture and economy.
12. Bangladesh has achieved substantial progress in mass literacy,
public health, reduction of population growth and self
employment support for rural poor. Primary education is
compulsory and female education is free through the first eight
years. The strong commitment to primary education and to
gender equity means that three out of four girls now enter
primary education.
13. Since the Pakistan era, the government, be it civilian or
military, has pursued policy to control the press. More
often than not the military junta or the party in power
used the country's media as a propaganda machine in its
favor besides suppressing the voice of dissent. Freedom
of the press or expression has not developed due largely
to this fact. Sometimes laws and regulations controlling
the press were relaxed, but those were enforced strictly
again to serve the purpose of the ruling clique. Every
government tried to raise political and party interests
by using the print and electronic media and imposing
censorship on them in various ways.
14. The media in Bangladesh is a mix of
government-owned and private media. There
are still criminal penalties for libel,
defamation, and sedition as well as reporting
on national security issues. Reporters can be
held for up to 90 days without trial under the
1974 Special Powers Act. Media restrictions
usually increase during periods of political
turmoil. Reporters without Borders has
accused the army of targeting journalists and
enforcing censorship.