This PPT is all about building peace in South Asia. It includes the different initiatives that have been taken for peace in South Asia. Role of states for building peace. Role nuclear power in South Asia like Pakistan and India to maintain peace. Role of SAARC in South Asia about Peace.

1. PEACE BUILDING IN
SOUTH ASIA

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
• What is Asia?
• What is South Asia?
• Peace building process in South
Asia
• What is peace and its types.
• Peace building initiatives.
• State Activities.
• How nuclear powers maintain
peace.
• Challenges to maintain peace.
• Role of SAARC in peace building.

3. ASIA
• Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent,
located primarily in the Eastern and Northern
Hemispheres. It shares the continental landmass of
Eurasia with the continent of Europe and the continental
landmass of Afro-Eurasia with both Europe and Africa.
• Area: 44.58 million km²
• Population: 4.561 billion (2018)

4. REGIONS
Asia can be divided into five regions.
These are
• Central Asia
• East Asia
• South Asia
• Southeast Asia
• Western Asia.
There are 48 countries in Asia
today, according to the United
Nations. N
Pakistan
India
Sri Lanka
Nepal
Yemen
Malaysia
Saudi Arabia
STATES
STATES AND REGIONS OF ASIA

5. GENERAL FACTS
ABOUT ASIA
• Total Population: 4,46 billion people
• Demonym: Asian
• Population density: 100/km2 (260/sq mi)
• Largest city: Tokyo
• Land area: 44,579,000 km2 (17,212,000 sq
mi)
• Largest Lake: Baikal Lake
• Religion: Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism
• Time zones: UTC+2 to UTC+12

6. SOUTH ASIA
• South Asia is the southern region of Asia,
which is defined in both geographical and
ethno-cultural terms. The region consists of the
countries of
• Afghanistan
• Pakistan
• India
• Nepal
• Bhutan
• Bangladesh
• Maldives
• Sri Lanka.

7. FACTS OF SOUTH
ASIA
• Population density: 362.3/km2 (938/sq
mi)
• Population: 1,947,628,100 (2020)
• Area: 5,134,641 km2 (1,982,496 sq mi)
• GDP per capita: $1,707 (nominal)
• GDP (PPP): $12.752 trillion

10. PEACE BUILDING PROCESS IN
SOUTH ASIA

11. WHAT IS PEACE
• Peace is a concept of societal friendship and harmony in
the absence of hostility and violence.
• In a social sense, peace is commonly used to mean a lack
of conflict (such as war) and freedom from fear of
violence between individuals or groups.

12. INTERNAL PEACE
• Inner peace refers to a deliberate state of
psychological or spiritual calm despite the potential
presence of stressors such as the burden arising from
pretending to be someone.

13. EXTERNAL PEACE
• External peace is peace that occurs in society, nations
and the world; it is a normal state of society,
countries and the world and it is a state of peaceful
and happy co-existence of people as well as nature.

15. DEVELOPMENT OF
(SACP)
• The South Asia Centre for Peace (SACP) was
established in 2009 to promote peace in South
Asia.
• SACP is based in Islamabad and is establishing
links with organizations across South Asia and
in other parts of the world with the aim of
establishing a network for peace in the region.

16. SACP'S CORE PROJECTS INCLUDE
• Peace research; peace education and training;
human security and peace; South Asia Peace
Magazine; and the South Asia Peace Ambassadors
Program.
• The organization published the inaugural issue of
the South Asia Peace Magazine in February 2011.

17. HISTORY OF PEACE
INITIATIVES IN SOUTH
ASIA

18. SAPI
• South Asia Peace Initiative (SAPI) promotes
peace and cooperation through leadership
consultations and grassroots activities in
South Asian nations is a civil society
initiative.
• There had been already 17 series of SAPI
conference organized in Nepal, India, and
Afghanistan and this initiatives will further
continue.

19. HISTORY OF SOUTH ASIA
PEACE INITIATIVES
• SAPI -1: (22 July 2005), Lumbini, Nepal Innovative
Approaches to Peace through Responsible
Leadership and Good Governance
• SAPI-2: (12 November 2005), Kathmandu University,
Dhulikhel, Nepal South Asian Conflicts.
• SAPI-3: (15 March 2006), Peace Embassy Building,
Kathmandu, Nepal Regional Conflicts in South Asia:
The Human Dimension.

20. SOUTH ASIA PEACE
INITIATIVES
• SAPI -4: (26 June 2006) Hotel Radisson, Kathmandu,
Nepal Human Rights and Human Responsibilities: In
Conflict and Post-Conflict Situations
• SAPI – 5: (6 December 2006), Hotel Le Meridien,
Gokarna, Kathmandu, Nepal In Support of the Peace
Process: The Role of National and International Civil
Society.
• SAPI – 6: (1 December 2007), Peace Embassy
Building, Kathmandu, Nepal Supporting the Peace
Process at the Civil Society Level: National and
International Perspective.

21. SOUTH ASIA PEACE
INITIATIVES
• SAPI -7: (23 December 2008), Peace Embassy
Building, Kathmandu, Nepal The Challenges of
Governance for Sustainable Peace
• SAPI – 8: (20 May 2009), Hotel de Annapurna,
Kathmandu, Nepal Rebuilding Trust and
Reconciliation in the ongoing Peace Process
• SAPI – 9: (23 June 2009), Hotel Yak and Yeti,
Kathmandu, Nepal Innovative Approaches to Unity
and Peace in Asia.

22. SOUTH ASIA PEACE
INITIATIVES
• SAPI – 10: (30 April 2011), Peace Embassy Building,
Kathmandu, Nepal Promoting Human Security
through Transformational Leadership: Common
Challenge of South Asia.
• SAPI – 11: (December 15, 2012), Safi Landmark
Hotel, Kabul, Afghanistan Innovative Approaches
to Sustainable Peace and Development.
• SAPI-12: (January 24, 2013) Civil Services Officers
Institute, New Delhi, India India's Perspective on
Nepal's Peace Process.

23. SOUTH ASIA PEACE
INITIATIVES
• SAPI-13: (April 14, 2013), Hotel Yak and Yeti,
Kathmandu, Nepal Achieving Meaningful Democracy
in South Asia: Challenges and Prospects.
• SAPI-14: (August 7, 2013), Hotel Yak and Yeti,
Kathmandu, Nepal) Realizing South Asian Dream :
Democracy, Peace and Development.
• SAPI-15 (November 8, 2014), Hotel De'l Annapurna,
Kathmandu, Nepal) Sustainable Peace in South Asia :
New Strategies for A Better Tomorrow.

24. SOUTH ASIA PEACE
INITIATIVES
• SAPI -16 (February 20, 2015), The Malla Hotel,
Kathmandu, Nepal) The Increasing Challenges
from Extremism to Democracy: Issues and
Responses.
• SAPI -17 (October 4, 2015), (The Ashoka Hotel,
New Delhi, India )'Recent Developments in
Nepal and India-Nepal Relations

25. ACTIVITIES OF STATES IN BUILDING PEACE

26. NEPAL
• Reconciling political divisions, addressing conflicts, and cultivating the
spirit of one family under God have been foremost programs in this
Himalayan nation.
• A special focus has been high-level consultations as a new constitution is
drafted and the state restructured.
• Grassroots activities such as service, education, and health care
programs for youth along with various community development projects
are on-going.

27. AFGHANISTAN
• Bringing together people from various sectors of society to discuss
common values, build friendships, and help the less fortunate while
working together for peace to a war-ravaged land.
• Programs are supported by Ambassadors for Peace from all levels of
society.

28. BANGLADESH
• Promoting interreligious dialogue and strengthening marriage and
family are on-going programs.
• Peacebuilding also means investing in the education and health of
the next generation.
• DPIB works for peace, justice, harmony and equality through the
participation of disadvantaged groups in Bangladesh.

29. DPIB
• Development and Peacebuilding Initiative of Bangladesh (DPIB) was
founded in 2015 by a group of motivated academicians, researchers, and
writers to work for peace, justice, harmony and equality.
• It works to strengthen political parties and civil society in the principles of
democracy, freedom, equality, secularism and social justice.
• Key areas that the network works in include human rights, peace and
security, access to justice, rule of law, secularism, and gender equality.

30. INDIA
• As the world's largest democracy seeks to manage its new-found economic
prosperity, leadership consultations promote interreligious cooperation and
encourage good governance.
• In addition, young people are brought together from diverse backgrounds to
build mutual understanding and to teach basic values that will ensure a bright
future.

31. PAKISTAN
• Young people are brought together from diverse backgrounds to build bridges of
understanding and help local communities supported by leadership that
embraces the values of both Pakistani and Indian cultures.
• An international organization that focuses on promoting peacebuilding and
human rights around the world. IUPS was opened in Pakistan to promote peace
through the teachings of Sufism in the country.

32. SRI LANKA
• Overcoming religious prejudice among the youth while learning the value of
living for others has been a hallmark of the projects of this island nation.
• This naturally leads to serving local communities, promoting good
sportsmanship, and character education initiatives. Leadership consultations
likewise promote principles of good governance.

33. HOW NUCLEAR
POWERS ARE
BUILDING PEACE IN
SOUTH ASIA

34. INTRODUCTION
• It is axiomatic that Pakistan and India share a turbulent and complex, if also
short, history. While the dynamics of the relationship may shift from time to
time, numerous existential issues remain in place.
• Kashmir has come to exemplify the classic case of a territorial dispute
between neighboring countries in the modern world composed of nation
States.

35. TIMELINE: STEPS TO PEACE IN SOUTH ASIA
• There are several steps has been taken between India and Pakistan
from April 2003 to April 2005 for building peace or for solving their
issues that can disturb the peace of the South Asian states.
• Both countries tries to maintain peace by doing several activities like
through cricket matches or by welcoming presidents of each other
states.

36. APRIL 2003 TO DECEMBER 2003
• April 2003: Former Indian prime minister Atal Behari Vajpayee offers the
"hand of friendship" to Pakistan in a landmark address in Indian-administered
Kashmir.
• May 2003: India announces the resumption of a bus service between Delhi
and Lahore. Pakistan calls the plan a "positive gesture".’
• August 2003: For the first time in history, Indians and Pakistanis hold joint
independence day celebrations in a further sign of the thaw in relations.

37. APRIL 2003 TO DECEMBER 2003
• October 2003: India unveils a series of measures aimed at improving
relations with Pakistan and forging progress in the Kashmir dispute.
• November 2003: A ceasefire comes into effect along the informal border
dividing Indian- and Pakistani-administered Kashmir.
• The two countries earlier order troops to halt firing along the de facto
border, or Line of Control (LoC).

38. JAN 2004 TO NOV 2004
• January 2004: The Indian government and moderates in the main Kashmiri
separatist alliance hold a historic first meeting and agree that violence must
end in the troubled region.
• February 2004: India and Pakistan begin their first formal talks in nearly three
years, with Kashmir high on the agenda.
• March 2004: The cricket series was a huge success

39. JAN 2004 TO NOV 2004
• May 2004: Pakistan welcomes a pledge made by incoming Indian Prime Minister
Manmohan Singh to seek friendly relations after Mr. Vajpayee's party loses the
general election.
• June 2004: India and Pakistan renew a ban on nuclear weapons tests and set up
a hotline to alert each other to potential nuclear risks.
• November 2004: India begins to withdraw some of its troops from Indian-
administered Kashmir as premier Manmohan Singh starts his first visit there
since taking office.

40. FEB 2005 TO APRIL 2005
• February 2005: Delhi and Islamabad agree to launch a landmark bus service across the
ceasefire line dividing Kashmir.
• The agreement gives a boost to year-old peace moves, which critics said had produced
little substantial progress.
• April 2005: First passengers from either side of the Line of Control cross divided
Kashmir as bus service gets underway.
• There were tearful reunions as separated family members met for the first time in years.

42. CHALLENGES TO
BUILDING PEACE
Poverty, class differences, extremism, ethnic
conflicts, disputes over natural resources,
denial of basic human rights, and flailing
state structures are fundamental loopholes.
Without addressing these challenges,
peacebuilding in South Asia will continue to
be a dream.

43. GLOBAL POPULATION
One such immense challenge is South Asia being home to one-third of the global population.
Large sections of this population are impoverished, due to lack of adequate health, education, water, sewerage, and
transportation facilities.
This lack of access to basic facilities increases the probability of conflict.
Thus, these nations are more vulnerable to cross-border terrorism, as well as ethnic and sectarian conflicts.

44. EXTREMISM
Extremism not just associated with a single religious ideology but many— is a huge
impediment to security in the region.
It is perhaps the quest for security in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and now in Bhutan
and Sri Lanka, which produces extremist retreat to religious fundamentals.
In Pakistan, consolidation of Taliban in search of security became the basis of social
extremism.

45. STRAINED INDIA-PAKISTAN RELATIONS
The peace process between India and Pakistan has had encouraging moments but is continually derailed by acts
terrorism.
Traditional rivalry between both states has taken new heights with nuclearization.
Military competition between India and Pakistan, nuclearization, terrorism, and Afghan security attract most of
debate in academia.
However, human rights violations are a graver threat and a source of most threats to peace and security in the
region.

47. SAARC
• The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
(SAARC) is the regional intergovernmental organization
and geopolitical union of states in South Asia.
• Its member states are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan,
India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
• The SAARC was founded in Dhaka on 8 December 1985.

48. OBJECTIVES OF SAARC
To promote the welfare of the people of South Asia and to improve their
quality of life.
To accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development in
the region.
To provide all individuals the opportunity to live in dignity and to realize their
full potentials.

49. SAARC AND PEACE
• The SAARC Regional Convention on Suppression of Terrorism was signed in
1987.
• SAARC Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters , signed in 2008.
• The SAARC has established the SAARC Terrorist Offences Monitoring Desk
(STOMD) in Colombo, Sri Lanka. STOMD commenced its operations in 1995
with the objectives to collate, analyze and disseminate information on terrorist.

50. SAARC AND NUCLEAR STATES
• Over the course of past 25 years for SAARC, the India-Pakistan rivalry has often
constrained regional cooperation in South Asia.
• SAARC forum provided a breakthrough towards better relations between the
two countries. Hopefully, governments of India and Pakistan are likely to soon
resume the process of composite peace dialogues.
• SAARC’s contribution towards peace in the region, even though informally,
should be acknowledged and encouraged.