In between the obvious risks from crop failures and livestock epidemics, and food contamination at the retail level, are food security issues and risks that run through the entire food supply chain. Because there are so many interconnected threads in food security, it is important for insurers to have a grasp of the entire picture.

1. Issues of Food Security and Insurance
Thursday, February 13, 2014, 11:50
am to 1:30 pm EST
The opinions expressed and the material provided are those of TTG. MSO has not validated any representations made
as to data, or any other information presented herein.

2. Welcome
Jan Scites, CEO & President, MSO
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TTG Vendor partner with MSO
Survey on Green and Sustainability 2013
Webinar terrific response
MSO national footprint
MSO committed to providing education to the
insurance industry

3. Welcome
Jeana Wirtenberg, President & CEO, Transitioning to Green
• Transitioning to Green, LLC
– Help organizations determine where they are, where they want to
go and how they can get there in the green economy
– We do this through, consulting, training and LeaderShip for
Sustainability.
• Our promise is simple… by applying “holistic
sustainability” business practices, we assist every
organization we touch to simultaneously and
synergistically:
– Engage your People
– Sustain Our Planet
– Optimize your Profitability
3

4. Today’s Presenters
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Linda Kelley, Principal,
Transitioning to Green, LLC
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Enterprise Ecologist
Artist and naturalist
Practitioner of whole systems approach to
strategy, innovation, leadership ,
collaboration, and learning
Consultant to business and government
Pioneer in virtual technologies for
collaborative learning
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Bill Russell, Principal,
Transitioning to Green, LLC
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Chemical Engineer, MBA-Finance
Hazardous waste site investigator / engineer
Former US environmental practice leader of
PwC
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Expert witness on Superfund and Asbestos
Litigation
Advisor to insurance industry on new
environmental risk products
Advisor to industry on Sustainable Enterprise
practices
Professor, Green Accounting Columbia
University
4

5. Transitioning to Green MSO Webinars
• High level perspective of sustainability related to
insurance risks
• Highlighting the nexus between traditional insurance
interests and the emerging nexus of energy, water and
food
• A series of three webinars that address concerns and
interests expressed by insurance professionals in the
MSO Survey in the Spring of 2013
– Hydraulic Fracking and Insurance
– Insurance Risks and Water Quality
– Issues of Food Security and Insurance

6. Top Industry Risks Related to Greening, continued
4. How important are risks related to
water and energy quality and reliability?
Important + Critical = 48%
4
38
10
Important + Critical = 46%
12. How important is quantifying
economic impacts and financial value of
12
"green" risks?
43
3
Column1
Column2
Column3
Important + Critical = 40%
7. How important are risk issues related to
7
air pollution, smog and indoor air quality?
40
Important
0
Critical
Important + Critical = 39%
8. How important are risk issues related to
8
wetlands preservation, biodiversity and
ecosystem conservation?
29
0
10
20
40
60

7. Top Industry Risks Related to Greening
6. How important are risk issues related
to climate change and extreme weather
6
events?
Important + Critical = 74%
9. How important are business
interruption insurance implications from
"green"/sustainability risks (e.g. more 9
time and/or costs to rebuild a green
building after a fire or flood)?
Important + Critical = 61%
45
29
55
7
Column1
Column2
Column3
Important + Critical = 58%
2. How important are green building
technology innovation performance 2
claims (e.g., energy efficiency, ability of
windows or roofs to withstand high
winds)?
5. How important are risks related to
food quality and security?
51
Important
7
Critical
Important + Critical = 57%
5
53
0
3
50
100

8. Agenda
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Introduction - issues and concerns
Food-Water-Energy Nexus
Food Security
Food Safety
Why is food security and safety an insurance issue?
Who are the stakeholders in this chain of value?
Q&A
Overview of issues and risks related to insurance product liabilities, and
litigations, with examples
Review of precedents, including examples and case studies
Risk analysis of categories that relate to food security and safety
Damage claims
Conclusion
– Examples shared by participants from their own claims experiences
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Actions going forward and follow up

9. World Economic Forum
The Global Risks Report 2014

10. Water-Food-Energy nexus
Water, food and energy are inexorably interconnected

11. Food Security
In between the obvious risks from crop failures and
livestock epidemics, and food contamination at the
retail level, are food security issues and risks that run
through the entire food supply chain. Because there
are so many interconnected threads in food security, it
is important for insurers to have a grasp of the entire
picture.
In this webinar we will give an overview of food
security and safety that includes operational,
regulatory, and environmental liabilities. We will use
actual cases as examples.

12. Food Security
Two Separate Meanings
1. Access to sufficient food (USDA)
a. Physical, availability
b. Economic, means to obtain
2. Prevention of tampering, or malicious, criminal
or terrorist actions (FDA)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Management
Supervision
Investigation
Recall strategy

13. Threats to Food Security
• Severe weather, volatility and long-term
negative weather patterns
• Water scarcity and chronic water shortage
• Disease
• Soil degradation
• Increased concentrations of population
• Land use conflicts

14. Farm to Table
Do you know where your food comes from?
Farm
Table

15. Global Food Producing Regions
The food, water, population growth dilemma
FAOSTAT
Science on Sustainability

17. The Standardised PrecipitationEvapotranspiration Index (SPEI)

18. Severe drought (Western US)
Abnormally dry
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Connecticut
Massachusetts (Central)
New York (Southern)
Pennsylvania (Central)
California
Texas
Colorado
Wyoming
Idaho

21. Update on Hydrofracking and Water Use
https://www.ceres.org/resources/reports/hydraulic-fracturing-water-stress-water-demand-by-the-numbers/view

22. Winter is supposed to be the Wet Season
California Ranchers cut herds in drought
January 27, 2014
“Look at it out there, they ain’t nothing for ‘em to
bite, they’re wearing their teeth out trying to get at
it.”
Jim Gates, Nevada County Free Range Beef
November 9, 2008. California's worst
drought in decades is forcing the state's
cattle ranchers to downsize their herds
because two years of poor rainfall has
ravaged millions of acres of rangeland used
to feed their cows and calves.
The parched, yellow pastures on Joe
Gonzales' cattle ranch attest to the severity
of a dry spell that is devastating the
economic fortunes of many of the state's
beef producers.

23. Winter wheat production is down
• US stockpiles
were smaller
before the 2013
harvest
• 3% less hard red
winter wheat
planted in the US
in 2014 (used in
bread)
• 16% less soft
wheat in 2014
(used in cakes and
cookies)

24. •
Contamination
– Heavy metals
– Petroleum/oil/methane
– Mineral salt concentrations
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Nutrient and mineral
depletion
Sterility

25. Disease
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Bacterial wilt
Fungus
Plant viruses
Bird flu
Mad cow
Honey bee die off

26. Agriculture Land Use Conflicts
• Agriculture vs. energy
production
– Hydrofracking
– Oil drilling
– Hydropower
Central Resorvoir, Willits, Mendocino CountyCA. February, 2014
• Agriculture vs. urban
expansion
• Agriculture vs.
environmental
preservation
Brazil, rainforest destruction for soy farming

27. Problem: people without secure access to food
5.8 million American households are ½ mi + away, with no car
Solutions

28. The Agriculture Act of 2014
USDA
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
COMMODITIES
CONSERVATION
TRADE
NUTRITION
CREDIT
RURAL DEVELOPMENT
RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND RELATED MATTERS
FORESTRY
ENERGY
HORTICULTURE
CROP INSURANCE

29. TITLE XI—CROP INSURANCE
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Sec. 11001. Information sharing.
Sec. 11002. Publication of information on violations of prohibition on premium adjustments.
Sec. 11003. Supplemental coverage option.
Sec. 11004. Crop margin coverage option.
Sec. 11005. Premium amounts for catastrophic risk protection.
Sec. 11006. Permanent enterprise unit subsidy.
Sec. 11007. Enterprise units for irrigated and nonirrigated crops.
Sec. 11008. Data collection.
Sec. 11009. Adjustment in actual production history to establish insurable yields.
Sec. 11010. Submission of policies and Board review and approval.
Sec. 11011. Consultation.
Sec. 11012. Budget limitations on renegotiation of the standard reinsurance agreement.
Sec. 11013. Test weight for corn.
Sec. 11014. Crop production on native sod.
Sec. 11015. Coverage levels by practice.
Sec. 11016. Beginning farmer and rancher provisions.
Sec. 11017. Stacked income protection plan for producers of upland cotton.
Sec. 11018. Peanut revenue crop insurance.
Sec. 11019. Authority to correct errors.
Sec. 11020. Implementation.
Sec. 11021. Crop insurance fraud.
Sec. 11022. Research and development priorities.
Sec. 11023. Crop insurance for organic crops.
Sec. 11024. Program compliance partnerships.
Sec. 11025. Pilot programs.
Sec. 11026. Index-based weather insurance pilot program.
Sec. 11027. Enhancing producer self-help through farm financial benchmarking.
Sec. 11028. Technical amendments.

30. Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP)
• TPP negotiations are being conducted with a great deal of secrecy
• Complete text of TPP provisions is not publicly available
• Leaks of worrisome content by Congressional Representatives
regarding both intellectual property and food safety, indicate that
adequate protections are lacking
• TPP conditions as related would impose restrictions on US
government policies that keep our food safe and not require the
country of origin of the food to meet current US inspection
standards for import (claiming equivalence)

32. from Food Safety News
Members of Congress Ask That Seafood
Safety Be Part of TPP Negotiation
BY NEWS DESK | NOVEMBER 30,
2012Congresswoman Rosa DeLauro (D-CT),
Senator Mary Landrieu (D-LA) and
Congressman Walter Jones (R-N.C.) sent a
letter to the Obama Administration Thursday
asking that public health be a focus during the
negotiations for the Trans-Pacific Partnership
(TPP) Free Trade Agreement.
The lawmakers are concerned that, as result
of expanded trade with Vietnam and Malaysia
– two of the countries included in TPP – the
United States could see an influx of imported
contaminated seafood. Currently, around 90
percent of the seafood consumed is imported.

33. Food Safety
• Growing
• Handling
• Additives
– Nutritional supplements
– Fillers
– Preservatives
• Contamination
– Toxins
– Disease and pandemics
USDA Identifies Some Retailers in
Massive Beef Recall
WASHINGTON, Feb. 8, 2014 – Rancho Feeding
Corporation, a Petaluma, Calif. establishment, is
recalling approximately 8,742,700 pounds,
because it processed diseased and unsound
animals and carried out these activities without
the benefit or full benefit of federal inspection.

34. Some Food Producers and Distributors
located in NJ
• Large food companies
• Specialty foods and markets

35. What is a Food?
Functionally, food is: nutritional
support for life that
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Produces energy
Maintains life
Supports growth
Legally, “food,” in the US, means
(21 U.S. Code § 321)
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Articles used for food or drink for
man or other animals
Chewing gum
Articles used for components of any
such article

36. Designer Plants and Animals
• People select sets of
seeds, and animal
parentage to get traits
they want in plants and
stock
Sheep bred for wool
Left to right: plantains, Red, Latundan, Cavendish
• Artificial cross pollination
• Grafting of trees and
shrubs for tasty fruits with
strong roots
• Animal breeding
• Genetic Modification of
the Organism (GMO)
Sheep bred for meat

37. Designed Alternative Farming
Hydroponics, tunnel farms, roof and wall farms
Green Spirit Farms (GSF) outside
Scranton, PA. An industrial racking
system of four to five levels capable of
17 million plants in total
Zero Carbon Food, UK. Greens grown
hydroponically in an old bomb shelter
tunnel under London
The Eagle Street Rooftop
Farm, Brooklyn, NY, is
showcased internationally as
a pioneer in the urban
farming movement.

38. Redesigning the Food System
Fast Company 50 Most Innovative Companies, 2014
AgLocal
•Exclusive, hard to find products
•Easy online ordering
•Trustworthy customer service
•Customer delivery soon
BrightFarms.
Beyond Meat
Farmland LP
Converting conventional
farmland to organic,
sustainable farmland.
Farmland LP is giving farmers
an easier option for scaling
up—land leasing.
Our vision is to become the
market leader in the
development and
introduction of new plant
protein products. It’s at the
cutting edge of plant protein
research and development
BrightFarms works with the
big stores to grow lettuce,
tomatoes, and herbs on-site
(or nearby) in large
hydroponic greenhouses
HarvestPower
has nearly 40 plants across North
America and produces 65,000
megawatt hours of power and 29
million bags of soil, mulch, and
fertilizer, which it sells to farmers
and landscapers.

39. Stakeholders in food security?
• Farmers and ranchers
• Food production and processing companies
• Food packaging, storing and transportation
companies and their suppliers
• Food retailers; institutions that serve meals
• Importers, and exporters
• Government regulatory agencies
• Food researchers
• Food industry associations
• Insurance companies

40. Q&A

41. Food Safety, Security and Insurance
• Food safety risks and insurance implications
• Food security and insurance implications
• Food insurance risk financing

42. Food Safety Risks and Insurance
• Food safety
– Farm liability
– Restaurant and food service liability
– Food packaging and storage
• Food bourne diseases and food poisoning
claims
• Adulterations and mislabeling
• Extreme weather
• Other

43. Food Safety
• Food safety is a scientific discipline describing
handling, preparation, and storage of food in ways
that prevent foodborne illness.
• This includes a number of routines that should be
followed to avoid potentially severe health hazards.
• The tracks within this line of thought are safety
between industry and the market and then between
the market and the consumer.

44. Food Safety
• In considering industry to market practices, food safety
considerations include:
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the origins of food including the practices relating to food labeling,
food hygiene,
food additives and pesticide residues, as well as
policies on biotechnology and food and
guidelines for the management of governmental import and export
inspection and certification systems for foods.
• In considering market to consumer practices, the usual
thought is that food ought to be safe in the market and the
concern is safe delivery and preparation of the food for the
consumer.

45. Food Safety – Labeling
Natural? GMO vs. Non-GMO
• Barbara’s Bakery, owned by Weetabix
– “Natural" hasn't been legally defined.
– FDA has chosen to not address whether natural products can legally
contain GMOs.
– More than 80 percent of all commodity corn, soy and sugar beet crops
grown in the United States are GMO-based.
– Settled out of court for USD $4 million
• Barbara’s
– Changed its packaging to remove the phrase all-natural
– Moving quickly to remove GMO ingredients from its products
– Achieving certification from the Non-GMO Project Verified label.
“From a legal perspective, we weren’t doing anything wrong,"
Frederico Meade, VP Marketing at Barbara’s.

46. Food Safety – Labeling
Natural? GMO vs. Non-GMO
Barbara’s Bakery not an isolated incident.
• Naked Juice, owned by PepsiCo, settled a similar
lawsuit for $9 million;
• Cargill’s Truvia stevia-based sweetener settled a
“deceptive marketing" lawsuit for $5 million.
• Other companies fighting all-natural lawsuits over
GMO ingredients include:
–Smuckers for its Crisco vegetable oil,
–PepsiCo for its Frito-Lay chips, and
–Gruma Corp. for its Mission corn chips.

47. Food Safety - Labeling
California’s Proposition 65
• Specific labeling requirements on products sold in the state
• If the product contains chemicals listed by the state as
carcinogens or reproductive toxicants, including lead, above
specified limits.
• Failure to provide such warnings can result in action by the
California attorney general or by “any person in the public
interest."

48. Food Safety - Labeling
California’s Proposition 65
• Since 2010, around 300 Prop 65
notices on lead were filed
– Settlement costs in 2012 totaled nearly
$1 million by midyear,
– The average cost of each settlement
amounted to about $48,000—not
including legal expenses incurred by the
companies receiving these notices.

49. Food Safety - Food-Borne Illness
Bakers Dozen of Cruise Ship Norovirus Outbreaks
Posted By Drew Falkenstein on February 4, 2014
1. Royal Caribbean Cruise Line
2. Celebrity Cruises, Mercury (February 2010)
3. Celebrity Cruises, Mercury (March 2010)
4. Princess Cruises, Crown Princess (January 2010)
5. Princess Cruises, Crown Princess (February 2012)
6. Celebrity Cruise Lines (September 2013)
7. Fred Olsen Cruise Lines (January 2010)
8. Princess Cruises (March 2013)
9. Princess Cruises (February 2009)
10. Carnival Cruise Line (April 2009)
11. Royal Caribbean Cruise Line (January 2012)
12. Cunard Line (December 2012)
Current number sick: 626
Total sick: 443
419
396
363
335
310
276
271
265
259
220

50. Food Safety - Food-Borne Illness
CDC’s FoodNet reported rates of infection
per 100,000 people as follows:
Salmonella:
Campylobacter:
Shigella:
Cryptosporidium:
E. coli O157:H7:
non-O157:H7 STEC:
Yersinia:
Vibrio:
Listeria:
Clycolspora:
14.81
12.71
6.09
1.91
1.31
.46
.35
.34
.31
.09

51. Food-Borne Illness Litigation
175 foodborne pathogen jury verdicts were reviewed
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Only 31.4% of cases resulted in compensation
The median award was $25,560 (1998 $)
Legal incentives tend to work better in outbreaks
Identification and documentation of outbreaks is
improving
• Outbreaks not only have greater potential for
financial damage, but also cause reputational
damage

52. Insurance and Food-Borne Illness
• Widespread cost-shifting reduces incentives for ill individuals
to seek compensation
⁻ Health insurance and employee benefits cover some of
the costs
• Food-borne illness claims made under product liability law
• Most all defendants have some form of liability insurance
• Claims have high transaction and information costs
• Insurers reach confidential settlements
• Producers never receive economic signals to invest in greater
product safety

54. Food Security
• Food security is a condition related to the ongoing availability of
food.
• Yet it was only at the 1974 World Food Conference that the term
'food security' was established as a formal concept.
– Originally, food security was understood to apply at the national level,
with a state being food secure when there was sufficient food to "sustain a
steady expansion of food consumption and to offset fluctuations in
production and prices".
• A new definition emerged at 1996 World Food Summit; this time
with the emphasis being on individuals enjoying food security,
rather than the nation.
• According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), food
security "exists when all people, at all times, have physical and
economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet
their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy
life".

55. Food Security
• Household food security exists when all members, at all times,
have access to enough food for an active, healthy life.
• Individuals who are food secure do not live in hunger or fear
of starvation.
• Food insecurity, on the other hand, is a situation of "limited or
uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods
or limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in
socially acceptable ways", according to the United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA).

56. Food Security
• Food security incorporates a measure of resilience to future
disruption or unavailability of critical food supply due to various risk
factors including droughts, shipping disruptions, fuel shortages,
economic instability, and wars. In the years 2011-2013, an
estimated 842 million people were suffering from chronic hunger.
• The FAO identified the four pillars of food security as availability,
access, utilization, and stability.
• The United Nations (UN) recognized the Right to food in the
Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, and has since noted that it is
vital for the enjoyment of all other rights.
• The 1996 World Summit on Food Security noted that "food should
not be used as an instrument for political and economic pressure".

57. Food Security Risks
According to the International Centre for Trade and Sustainable
Development,
• Failed agriculture market regulation and the lack of anti-dumping
mechanisms engenders much of the world's food scarcity and
malnutrition.
• As of late 2007, export restrictions and panic buying,
• US Dollar Depreciation,
• Increased farming for use in biofuels,
• World oil prices at more than $100 a barrel,
• Global population growth,
• Climate change,
• Loss of agricultural land to residential and industrial development,
and
• Growing consumer demand in China and India

58. Food Security - Crop Insurance
• Purchased by agricultural producers, including farmers and
ranchers to protect against the loss of their crops due to
natural disasters, such as hail, drought, and floods, or the loss
of revenue due to declines in the prices of agricultural
commodities.
• The two general categories of crop insurance are called cropyield insurance and crop-revenue insurance.

59. Crop Yield Insurance
• Crop-hail insurance: Provided by private insurers.
– Hail is a narrow peril that occurs in a limited place
and
– Its accumulated losses tend not to overwhelm the
capital reserves of private insurers.

60. Crop Yield Insurance
• Multi-peril crop insurance (MPCI):
Usually offered by a government
insurer.
– Offers hail, excessive rain and drought in a combined package.
– Sometimes, additional risks such as insect or bacteria-related diseases are also
offered.
– Premiums are usually partially subsidized by the government.
– The problem with the multi-peril crop insurance is the possibility of a large
scale event. Such an event can cause significant losses beyond the insurer's
financial capacity.
– Federal Crop Insurance Corporation manages multi-peril insurance program.
– Since 1996, The Risk Management Agency (RMA) calculates the premiums
based on individual risk factors .

61. Crop-revenue Insurance
Crop-revenue = Crop-yield x the crop price
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Based on deviation from the mean revenue.
RMA uses the futures prices on harvest-times listed in the commodity
exchange markets, to determined the prices.
Combining the future price with farmer's average production gives the
estimated revenue of the farmer.
Accessing the futures market offers enables revenue protection even
before the crop planted.
There is a single guarantee for a certain number of dollars. The policy pays
an indemnity if the combination of the actual yield and the cash
settlement price in the futures market is less than the guarantee.
Covers the decline in price that occurs during the crop's growing season.
Does not cover declines from one growing season to another.

62. Crop-risks Weather Insurance
•
Weather events that impact crop yields are often spatially correlated, thus
creating problems for traditional insurance, which is designed to pool a
large number of small, uncorrelated risks rather than widespread systemic
losses (Miranda and Glauber, 1997).
•
An emerging trend has been the development of new financial
instruments (catastrophe options, catastrophe bonds) that allow insurers
to securitize correlated risks and circumvent the limitations of traditional
insurance markets.

63. Crop-risk Index Insurance

64. Food Insurance Risk Financing
1in·sur·ance
1 a : the business of insuring persons or
property
b : coverage by contract whereby one
party undertakes to indemnify or
guarantee another against loss by a
specified contingency or peril
c : the sum for which something is
insured
2:
a means of guaranteeing protection or
safety <the contract is your insurance
against price changes>

65. Food Insurance Risk Financing
Transfer Of Risk
The underlying tenet behind insurance transactions. The purpose
of this action is to take a specific risk, which is detailed in the
insurance contract, and pass it from one party who does not wish
to have this risk (the insured) to a party who is willing to take on
the risk for a fee, or premium (the insurer).
In today's financial marketplace, insurance instruments have
grown more and more intricate and complex, but the transfer of
risk is the one requirement that is always met in any insurance
contract.
Investopedia explains 'Transfer Of Risk'

66. Food Insurance Risk Financing
Cost of Risk (COR)
• Quantitative measure of the total direct and indirect
expenditures dedicated to mitigating the risk exposures
confronting an organization in pursuit of its business objectives.
• Typically interpreted to capture only those costs arising out of
insurance activities (i.e. retained losses, risk control costs,
insurance premiums, and administration expenses)

67. Food Insurance Risk Financing
Cost of Risk (COR)
True COR captures expenditures (risk spend) from all of the
following major areas:
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External risk transfer [insurance premiums, credit/counterparty
transfers, financial (hedging) instruments]
Retained / self-insured losses [including indirect costs such as reduced
productivity]
Risk mitigation programs [environmental health and safety, emergency
planning, regulatory compliance]
External consultancy fees [legal, actuarial, modeling, analytics]
Internal program administration [salaries, benefits, overhead]
Collateral costs [LOC’s, trust accounts, pledged securities]
Missed opportunity costs

68. Food Insurance Risk Financing
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Agricultural insurance has been offered to farmers in many different
countries in many different forms since at least the 1920s.
The current U.S. agricultural insurance program, for example, is a mix of 22
different types of program (including area yield and revenue programs and
rainfall and vegetation index based products as well as multiple peril
revenue and yield products for individual farms) covering over 130
different crops.
The US program is often cited as a model for other countries because of
high participation by farmers.
In 2008, the program achieved a record participation rate of just over 80
percent of the planted area eligible for insurance, about ten percent
higher than in 2007 (Goodwin and Smith, 2009)

69. Food Insurance Risk Financing
US Crop Insurance Model Not Replicable
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Farmers did not have to pay any of the administration costs of the
program (the loading factor is zero) and
Also had to pay only 40 percent of what were intended to be actuarially
fair premium rates.
In 2008, to be eligible for U.S. crop disaster program payments, producers
had to purchase agricultural insurance for all economically significant
crops.
As a result, agricultural insurance subsidy payments to U.S. farmers and
crop insurance companies increased to almost $6 billion.
Developing country governments cannot afford to provide this type of
program to their countries’ farm households.

70. Water-Food-Energy nexus
Water, food and energy are inexorably interconnected

71. Conclusion
• Claims examples from participants?
• Actions going forward. What will you do with
what you have learned today?
• Follow-up: please let us know what other leading
edge topical webinars you would want?
• Evaluation survey via email

72. Thank you for your participation