Building Services I

1. TELECOMMUNICATION
SERVICES FOR
HIGH RISE BUILDINGS
Taylor’s University
School of Architecture, Building and Design
Bachelor of Quantity Surveying (Hons)
Building Services I [BLD60403]
Assignment 1 - Presentation

2. Introduction

3. Telecommunication
• Exchange of information over a distance using
different kind of technologies
• Through physical medium like signal cables or
through electromagnetic waves
• The system consists of transmitters, channel and
receivers

4. High-rise Buildings
• A building that is at least 23m or 75 feet tall
• Popular in high population density countries as
they are able to save space
• However, it pose design challenges for engineers

5. Challenges of High-rise Buildings
• Fire safety system, HVAC systems (heating,
ventilation and air conditioning), elevator
evacuation and wind danger concerns
• Efficient telecommunication service, able to
provide services to every user in the tall building
• Must be precise and operate at maximum
efficiency to avoid error and cause losses

6. Application
Fibre
Optics
Copper
• Requires high capacity | high speed service
• Commercial vs Residential
• Sophisticated structure

7. Spaces
• The amount of space is vital for
telecom systems
• Must solely be for system storage

8. Pest Control & Sufficient Coating on Surfaces
Rats chewing on
rubber tubing of
wires
Result of chewed wires

9. Safety
• Smoke detectors
• Sealed with fire
retardant material
• Stay away from
heat and moisture
• Fire extinguishers

10. Containment Systems
• Specified Bend Radius
• Radius has to be 10 times the diameter. (trunking)

11. • Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)

12. STRUCTURED
CABLING
SYSTEMS

13. STRUCTURED CABLING SYSTEMS
• Cabling & associated with
hardware.
• Comprehensive
telecommunications infrastructures.
• Wide range for electronic devices.
• Provides telephone line or transmit
data through computer network.

14. Network Cabling System
• Specializes in design and installation.
• New construction and corporate relocations.
• Distributed Network Architecture (DNA)
• Centralized Network Architecture (CNA)
STRUCTURED CABLING SYSTEMS

15. Opening Cabling System
• Electrical system in surface mounted conduits and raceway.
• Visible and directly accessible from building interior.
• Home Run Cabling.
• Zone Distribution Cabling.
STRUCTURED CABLING SYSTEMS

16. MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME

17. MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME (MDF)
• Signal distribution frame to interconnect and manage
telecommunication wiring.
• Connects equipment to cables and subscriber carrier.
• Cable supplies services lines end up at MDF.
• Line distributed to equipment within local exchanges such as Private
Automatic Branch Exchange (PABX).

18. • Cabinets provides termination of individual twisted pairs of
telephony local loops for onward connection back to nearest
telephone exchange.
• MDF located in room on ground floor.
• Independent of exchange equipment, external cables
entering exchange be terminated.
• Cabling is drawn to building through overhead cable.
MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME (MDF)

19. • Consist cable trays or riser which
transmit the services.
• To show internet connection connect
from the lowest to highest floor (riser).
MAIN TELECOM ROOM (MTR)

20. VERTICAL CABLING

21. • Arrangement of network computers.
• Several processors on scattered machines, but working
independently and jointly.
• Powerful analytical tools allow prediction of system response to
operator actions & event via use of real time and achieved
data.
• Local Area Network (LAN).
DISTRIBUTED NETWORK ARCHITECTURE (DNA)

22. DISTRIBUTED NETWORK ARCHITECTURE (DNA)

23. • Offer access service to stations(user) by distributing functions among
AC and multiple TPs.
• Centralized all network equipment in single location instead of
distributing among floors.
• LAN housed together, CNA reduces the time & cost of tasks.
• Provides fewer points of failure & less space utilized in
telecommunications closets.
CENTRALIZED NETWORK ARCHITECTURE (CNA)

24. CENTRALIZED NETWORK ARCHITECTURE (CNA)

25. Horizontal
Cabling
Systems
A) Home Run Cabling
B) Zone Distribution Cabling

26. A) Home Run Cabling

27. B) Zone Distribution Cabling

28. Management
Systems
Private Branch Exchange (PBX) and its Variations

29. Private Branch Exchange (PBX)
 Earliest version: Several years
after the invention of telephone
(1878)
 Operators connect the phone
line by hand.
 Manned by women.

30. Private Automated Branch Exchange (PABX)
 Automated version of PBX
 Cheaper to run; No live
operator.
 Same structure as the
traditional PBX.

31. Hosted PBX (Virtual PBX)
 Does not require operation by the
company.
 Hosted by a third party, thus
eliminated hardwares.
 Extended capabilities:
 Call Forwarding Menus
 Call Recording
 Extension Calling

32. Internet Protocol PBX (IP-PBX)
 Voice + Data on the
same line.
 Ultimately saves long run
maintenance costs.

33. Possible
Problems

34. Damage to The Cable Wiring
• Mainly caused by poor workmanship
• May be exposed to weather, other services wiring
or it is faulty wiring
• May cause the telecommunication system to shut
down partially or completely
• However, it can also cause huge damages

35. Negligence of Maintenance
• Owners often neglect the maintenance and repairs of
the system. Safety rules are also not followed.
• This causes the system to malfunction and cause
damages.
• One example of safety precautions: proper trunking
should be provided for laying and protecting the
cables

36. Space Shortage
• Limited space in telecommunication room will cause
cable transmission problems and impact cable
performance.
• The room is packed with cables, telecommunication
equipment and other modern equipment.
• The space is getting more cramped and this causes
uncomfortable working conditions for the workers.

37. Telecommunication Rooms Examples

38. Space Shortage
• Manufacturers are trying to make smaller and
denser telecommunication equipment.
• Cabling designers are trying out new and better
designs for the systems.
• These issues are now given more thought
compared to before.

39. Space Shortage
• Before: brought up too late in the construction
process and must be worked around other
building systems.
• Now: during the early stages, further changes to
the room are envisioned that could emerge from
the installing of other equipment.
• The space needed is then planned accordingly.

40. Airflow Management, Electrical
Distribution and Ventilation
• The heat generated by systems such as servers and
cables causes issues like airflow management.
• Recommended to develop data centre heat maps
using ventilation requirements and equipment
power consumption.
• Leads to an optimal layout for efficient space uses,
electrical distribution and ventilation.

41. Types of
Cables

42. Twisted Cable
• Two conductors of a single circuit are twisted together for the
purpose of cancelling out electromagnetic interference (EMI)
from external sources.

43. Advantages
 Lower signal attenuation loss as
compared to the twisted and
coaxial cable.
 Immune to electrical noise,
electromagnetic interference and
radio frequency interference.
 Less restrictive in harsh environments.
Disadvantages
 Components are expensive.
 The lack of standardization in the
industry has also limited the
acceptance of fibre optics.

44. Optical Fiber Cable
 Consist a bundle of glass threads, transmitting messages
modulated onto light waves.

45. Advantages
 The components are cheaper relative
to their availability.
 Perfect to be use in small local area
network with limited number of users.
Disadvantages
 Very susceptible to signal distortion
errors and the relatively low
transmission rates they provide
over a long distance.

46. Coaxial Cable
 An inner conductor surrounded by a turbular insulating layer
which is surrounded by a tubular conducting shield.

47. Advantages
 Sufficient frequency range.
 Allows lower error rates, because of
the inner conductor which is located
in a Faraday shield .
 The greater spacing between
amplifiers coax's cable shielding
reduces noise and crosstalk.
Disadvantages
 More expensive to install compare
to twisted pair cable.
 Thicker cable = more difficult to
work with.

48. Case Study
Petronas Twin Towers

49. Petronas Twin Towers

58. Tower’s Internal
The Towers are "intelligent" buildings built with a system that
coordinates perfect telecommunications, environmental control, fire
and smoke control, power supply, lighting and, building safety.

59. o The floors of the PTT are RAISED to
facilitate cabling system and
provide flexibility in installing.
o Physical structured cabling network
system comprises of vertical and
horizontal cabling.
o Also has inter-building cabling for
global connection.

60. o The tower’s Central
Telecommunications Office (CTO)
controls all of the communication
needs within the building and
connects the building globally.

61. o The system is designed as a local
loop communications system
o Providing direct connections from
the main subscriber distribution
frame to the end user
o Using a high speed fibre-optic
network.

62. local loop?

63. Local loop = circuit between central office
and the customers

64. Shen Milsom & Wilke, LLC
o SM&W was the telecommunications, audiovisual and acoustic
consultant for the Petronas Twin Towers project in Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia.
o SM&W designed a sophisticated cabling infrastructure, voice and
data network to support the PTT’s worldwide operations.

65. o The Petronas Twin Towers represents
the world’s biggest, single-site,
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
network.
o The network supports roughly 7,000
user office connected to over 200.155
Megabits per second (Mbps) ATM
fibre-optic backbones.

66. o The backbone cables are linked to a fully matrixed bundle of core
ATM switches in the Network Control Center (NCC) with fully
repetitious connections to over 100 Ethernet and ATM-connected
servers.
o Extensive use of Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) allows
provisional networks to be created as needed using drag-and-drop
network management software.

67. KLCC Holdings has established a specialized
facility management firm to deliver a facilities
management service for the Petronas Towers,
KLCC park, infrastructure and other
developments.

68. End