Jays george Msc Nursing

1. TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL
FISTULA

2. INTRODUCTION
•Tracheoesophageal fistula and oesophageal atresia
are the malformations of digestive system. That
represent a failure of the oesophagus to develop as a
continuous passage and a failure of the trachea and
oesophagus to separate into distinct structures. These
disorders are commonly found among premature or
lbw infants and mothers having polyhydramnios.

3. DEFINITIONS
•TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL
FISTULA[TEF] is an abnormal
connection between trachea and
oesophagus.
•OESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA
[EA] is an congenital
discontinuity of oesophageal
lumen from pharynx to stomach
during embryonic development.

4. ETIOLOGY
Exact cause is unknown
Genetic factor
Teratogenic stimuli
Intrauterine environment

5. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

6. CLASSIFICATION
TYPE A
TYPE B
TYPE CTYPE D
TYPE E

8. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
• Excessive drooling
• Chocking
• Coughing
• Gagging
• Cyanosis
• Large amount of secretions from the nose
• Respiratory distress
• Abdominal distension
• Poor feeding
• Pneumonia

9. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATIONS

10. MANAGEMENT
THERAPEUTIC
• Position
• Suction
• NPM
• Oxygen therapy
• Iv fluid therapy
• Nasogastric aspiration
• Antibiotic therapy
• Supportive care
• Chest physiotherapy
• Postural drainage
SURGICAL
• End to end anastomosis
• Right posterolateral
thoracotomy
• Gastrotomy

13. COMPLICATIONS

14. RESEARCH STUDY

15. ASSIGNMENT
•List down pre and postoperative nursing diagnosis
and its interventions.

16. CONCLUSION
•Oesophageal atresia with or with out an associated
tracheoesophageal fistula is the most common
oesophageal malformation occurring ln
approximately 90% of the 1 in 4000 affected
neonates. These defects may occur as separate
entities or in combination.