Monitoring and managing tropical peatland restoration
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Presented by Robert Nasi, Managing Director, CIFOR-ICRAF, on the ITPC side event “Peatland restoration in SE Asia: Challenges and opportunities” at the XV World Forestry Congress, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 2 May 2022.
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Monitoring and managing tropical peatland restoration
- 2. Background Monitoring& Managing Tropical peatland restoration Robert Nasi CIFOR-ICRAF
- 4. Degradation of Southeast Asian tropical peatlands Mishra et al. 2021
- 5. We must therefore conserve the remaining intact peatlands and restore the degraded ones • How do we restore degraded peatlands? • How much does it cost? • What is success looking like? • How do we monitor our restoration efforts?
- 6. Peatland restoration efforts in Indonesia 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 ≤1 y 1< x ≤5 5 < x ≤ 10 10 < x ≤ 30 x > 30 Percentage (%) Project duration (in years) Restoration “4R” • Rewetting • Revegetation • Revitalization • Reduction of fire risk Restoration objectives* Restoration cost, USD y-1 ha-1 Number of sites Mean of restoration activity duration in years BD, CS 389 1 1 BD, CS, SW 10 1 2 CS, SW 712 3 1 WM 465 1 5 WM, BD, CS 124 1 2 WM, BD, CS, SW 392 4 19 WM, CS, SW 896 1 2 WM, SW 894 1 1 *BD = biodiversity, CS = carbon stocks, SW = social welfare (livelihood revitalization), WM = water management Aini et al. (in press)
- 7. Drivers of successful peatland restoration Drivers Number of cases Percentage (%) Awareness 83 87.4 Community engagement 10 10.5 Technology 7 7.4 Land tenure 6 6.3 Project sustainability 4 4.2 Natural disaster/El Niño adaptation & mitigation 1 1.1 Funding 1 1.1 Political support 1 1.1 (i) the local communities were aware of how to protect peatland well; (ii) interventions involved the local community; (iii) technology to restore peatlands was available; (iv) and tenure conflicts were minimized; (v) the sustainability of peatland restoration activities was ensured; (vi) activities were supported politically, (vii) activities were able to adapt and mitigate impacts of El Niño and natural disasters Aini et al. (in press)
- 9. What do we need to monitor? FAO 2020
- 10. How to operationalize monitoring?
- 12. Thank you Thank you for your attention
Notas do Editor
- Missing the PNG (the whole NG Island is about 16Mha of peatlands)-
- About half of the world's tropical peatlands occur in Southeast (SE) Asia, where they serve as a major carbon (C) sink. Nearly 80% of natural peatlands in this region have been deforested and drained, with the majority under plantations and agriculture. This conversion increases peat oxidation which contributes to rapid C loss to the atmosphere as greenhouse gas emissions and increases their vulnerability to fires which generate regional smoke haze that has severe impacts on human health Carbon gains and losses from pristine and degraded peatlands. Thickness of arrows indicates relative magnitude of flux in pristine versus degraded peatlands. OM = organic matter; C = Carbon
- Indonesia has the ambitious vision to restore more than 2 Mha of degraded peatlands. Our study identified 341 peatland restoration sites in Indonesia between 1992 and 2019 (Figure 1). Projects are still short terms so still tentative. Average cost is about 500$ ha-1 yr-1.
- Out of the 341 recorded actions, 217 sites reported success and an analysis of a 95 site subsamples showed the most important drivers for success.
- CIFOR organized a series of online workshops between September and December 2020, to explore and identify criteria and indicators for tropical peatland restoration through a consultative process involving practitioners, government agencies, researchers and community members. From this process it emerged that effective criteria and indicators for peatland restoration should capture aspects relating to rewetting drained peatlands, reducing fire risks, revegetating landscapes, reinforcing local governance structures, and revitalizing local communities’ socio-economic conditions (five Rs).
- The identified criteria and indicators cover four aspects of peatland restoration – biophysical, social, economic and governance – to capture the range of topics and issues that impact peatlands. These criteria and indicators are now ready for field testing, and when these have been successfully validated, can be adapted and adopted by relevant agencies for future restoration monitoring.