intro to Computer History of Computer

1. Lecturer : M. HaMMad waseeM
(m.hammad.wasim@gmail.com)
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Introduction & History
of Computer

2. coMputer
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The Word Computer comes from the word “compute” which means to
calculate.
soMe deFINItIoNs:
 An electronic machine that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces
output.
 Computer is an electronic device that is used to solve different kind of problems
according to the set of instruction given to it.
 An electronic device for storing and processing data according to instructions given to it.
 An electronic device that get some instruction (data) from user, process on it (according to
set of instruction/rules) and produce results (information).
 Data can be numbers, text, images, graphics, and sound, etc.
 Computer program is a set of instructions. Without it computer is useless.

3. HIstorY oF coMputer
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4. ABACUS (3000 B.C.)
Abacus is a simple counting device, may have been
invented in Babylonia (now Iraq) about 5000 years ago.
This device allows users to make computations using
Sliding beads on rods in a wooden rack. Beads are
moved around according to some programming rules.
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5. John nApier
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 In 1617, the Scottish mathematician john Napier created a logarithm
table for arithmetic calculation.
 He also developed a calculating device using rods known as Napier
bones.(widely used by accountant and bookkeepers).
 He also developed a calculating device known as slide rule using the
concept of Napier’s idea of logarithms.
 The slide rule could be used to perform simple calculation and also be
used to calculate square root, logs, sine, cosine and tangents.
 Slide rule was used till the middle of 1970s.

6. BLAiSe pASCAL (1623 -
1662)
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 In 1642, the French mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal
invented a calculating device that would come to be called the
"Adding Machine".
 Originally called a "numerical wheel calculator" or the
"Pascaline", Pascal's invention utilized a train of 8 moveable dials to
add sums of up to 8 figures long.
 Pascaline could perform the addition and subtraction operation
directly but the multiplication and division operation were performed
by repeating addition & subtraction.

7. CHARLES BABBAGE(1791 -
1871)
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Born in 1791, Charles Babbage was an English mathematician and
professor.
In 1822, he developed a model of automatic mechanical calculating
machine called Difference Engine.
It could perform accurate calculation and also could produce a printed
output(result). Babbage's continued to work on difference engine for 10
years.
In 1833 he stopped working on the difference engine and began to
design a new machine called Analytical Engine.
It was an automatic mechanical digital computer for general purpose
use.
It was the first automatic programmable computer.

8. PiCtuRES
Difference Engine

9. HERmAn HoLLERitH
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In 1890 Herman Hollerith developed the first electro-
mechanical punch card tabular. This machine could read
information punched into cards.
These cards were maintained in the form of stack. The solution
to different problems could be stored on different stacks of cards
and accessed when ever required.
Punch card

10. JONH VON NEUMAN
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Developed the idea of the Central Processing Unit (CPU).
Store programs in the computer memory
Programs coded as numbers
Both data and programs stored in the CPU - faster processing of
information
Suggested that binary be use to store programs in a
computer
Zero would turn the circuit off
One would turn the circuit on
Help develop many of the early computers, including
ENIAC and UNIVAC

11. ELECTRONIC DIGITAL
COMPUTER
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 In 1946 John. P Eckert and John W. Mauchly and their team
produced the first general purpose electronic digital computer
named as ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator &
Calculator).
It consumed 140 kilowatt of power and could perform 5000
addition per second.
 In 1951 John. P Eckert and John W. Mauchly developed the
UNIVAC (universal automatic computer). It was the first
computer developed for the commercial use.
It was used for both scientific and commercial applications.

12. PICTUREs
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ENIAC UNIVAC