The document discusses various non-lethal weapons such as pepper spray, tasers, and heat rays. It notes that while these weapons are meant to incapacitate without death, they still carry risks and have contributed to some deaths. The advantages are that lethal force is avoided, but the disadvantages are that they may be used more carelessly since death is not intended, and could be misused if available to the public. Overall, the document concludes that non-lethal weapons are generally more practical than lethal weapons for incapacitating while avoiding death.

2. THE MORAL DANGERS OF NON-LETHAL WEAPONS

3. THE MORAL DANGERS OF NON-LETHAL WEAPONS
By Chan Jia Ler & Tay Kun Yao

5. What Are Non-Lethal Weapons?

6. What Are Non-Lethal Weapons?
Non-Lethal Weapons are weapons designed to stop a person or a
crowd without doing permanent damage or causing death.

8. What Kinds of Non-Lethal Weapons Are There?

10. O.C. Spray (a.k.a. Pepper Spray)

11. O.C. Spray (a.k.a. Pepper Spray)
O.C. Spray is used by Policemen to control riots,
or crowds that are out of control.
When sprayed at a person’s eyes, it causes tears,
pain, and temporary blindness, due to a special
compound in the spray, which causes the person
to be incapacitated, allowing the police to easily
restrain the person.
O.C. Spray can also be bought by regular
citizens in certain countries & states for self
defence.
While considered a “less than lethal” agent,
O.C. Spray may cause death in some rare cases,
and O.C. Spray has been a contributing factor in
certain deaths.

12. O.C. Spray (a.k.a. Pepper Spray)
O.C. Spray is used by Policemen to control riots,
or crowds that are out of control.
When sprayed at a person’s eyes, it causes tears,
pain, and temporary blindness, due to a special
compound in the spray, which causes the person
to be incapacitated, allowing the police to easily
restrain the person.
O.C. Spray can also be bought by regular
citizens in certain countries & states for self
defence.
While considered a “less than lethal” agent,
O.C. Spray may cause death in some rare cases,
and O.C. Spray has been a contributing factor in
certain deaths.

14. Thomas A. Swift’s Electric Rifle (a.k.a. TASER)

15. Thomas A. Swift’s Electric Rifle (a.k.a. TASER)
The TASER is an electroshock weapon which uses
electrical currents to disrupt voluntary control of
muscles when used against a person.
The TASER is used by policemen to subdue
fleeing or potentially dangerous people, and can be
bought by regular citizens in certain countries &
states.
According to Police Surveys, TASERs have saved
approximately 75,000 lives.
However, TASERs can cause death due to igniting
flammable materials, and heart attacks, and can
increase chances of death in drug-users.

16. Thomas A. Swift’s Electric Rifle (a.k.a. TASER)
The TASER is an electroshock weapon which uses
electrical currents to disrupt voluntary control of
muscles when used against a person.
The TASER is used by policemen to subdue
fleeing or potentially dangerous people, and can be
bought by regular citizens in certain countries &
states.
According to Police Surveys, TASERs have saved
approximately 75,000 lives.
However, TASERs can cause death due to igniting
flammable materials, and heart attacks, and can
increase chances of death in drug-users.

18. Active Denial System (a.k.a. Heat Ray)

19. Active Denial System (a.k.a. Heat Ray)
The Active Denial System is developed by the U.S.
Military to control crowds, and secure perimeters
without causing any fatalities.
It works by firing a high-powered beam of 95GHz
high frequency waves at the target, exciting the water
& fat molecules in the skin, and instantly heating
them. This will cause the target to experience extreme
discomfort, and will move out of the area.
However, if the target does not move out of the area,
the waves will continue to penetrate the skin, which
may cause 2nd-Degree burns.

20. Active Denial System (a.k.a. Heat Ray)
The Active Denial System is developed by the U.S.
Military to control crowds, and secure perimeters
without causing any fatalities.
It works by firing a high-powered beam of 95GHz
high frequency waves at the target, exciting the water
& fat molecules in the skin, and instantly heating
them. This will cause the target to experience extreme
discomfort, and will move out of the area.
However, if the target does not move out of the area,
the waves will continue to penetrate the skin, which
may cause 2nd-Degree burns.

22. What Are The Advantages of Non-Lethal
Weapons?

23. What Are The Advantages of Non-Lethal
Weapons?
People can be incapacitated without them being killed, so in
cases where the police have gotten the wrong culprit, no deaths
will result from that mistake.
Some non-lethal weapons can be bought by citizens in certain
states & countries for self-defense, and possibly preventing the
user from suffering serious injuries.

25. What Are The Disadvantages of
Non-Lethal Weapons?

26. What Are The Disadvantages of
Non-Lethal Weapons?
However, as non-lethal weapons do not kill, people are less
careful with them compared to lethal weapons, like guns.
Due to this, people tend to use these non-lethal weapons against
people even when the situation isn’t very serious.
Also, as certain non-lethal weapons can be bought by regular
citizens in certain countries, some citizens might use them for
ulterior motives.

28. Are These Non-Lethal Weapons
Better Than The Lethal Ones?

29. Are These Non-Lethal Weapons
Better Than The Lethal Ones?
While lethal weapons may fully ensure the incapacitation of the
target, it may kill a possibly innocent person, or a bystander. Non-
Lethal weapons on the other hand, while may fail, leaves the target
incapacitated, but alive. So, in most cases, non-lethal weapons are
more effective than lethal weapons.
In conclusion, while lethal weapons are more effective, non lethal
weapons are more practical.

30. Thank You!