Blue Growth Initiative
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http://www.fao.org/fishery/en Side Event on Blue Growth Initiative, Wednesday 26 February 2014, 32nd Session of the FAO Regional Conference for the Near East , (NERC-32, Rome, 24-28 February 2014). © FAO: http://www.fao.org
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Blue Growth Initiative
- 1. “Blue Growth Initiative” Presentation by Árni M. Mathiesen Assistant-Director General Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Side Event on Blue Growth Initiative, Wednesday 26 February 2014 32nd Session of the FAO Regional Conference for the Near East (NERC-32, Rome, 24-28 February 2014)
- 2. • Work on the new Strategic Framework (SF). • Restructuring in the department. • Earlier strategy work. • Future Papers, and • 2030 Scenario. Fertile Environment:
- 3. • “Fish is Food”. • Contribution of Fisheries to Strategic Framework. • “Green Economy in a Blue World”. • Pacific-Small Islands Developing States (P-SIDS) and Yeosu “Blue Economy” definition. • Emphasis of Conference through Indonesia on importance of “Blue Economy”, and • Other inspirational national and international work. (Gabon Bleu, Programme halieutique, Bali Prep. Summit, Abu Dhabi Summit, The Hague Summit etc). COFI 30 and Conference Emphasis:
- 4. Blue Globe: Health & Wealth from Oceans • Healthy & nutritious food • Poverty relief • Jobs & livelihoods • Trade and wealth • Climate services
- 5. Blue Globe: Threats to Oceans & its potential • Overfishing • Overcapacity coupled with IUU fishing • Climate change & oceans acidification • Coastal degradation • Biodiversity loss & habitat destruction • Persistent poverty
- 6. Define and contextualize the contribution of marine and fresh water aquatic environment to the FAO overarching goals and the Strategic Framework, and the Departmental aim. With the purpose to further guide the work of FAO in fisheries, aquaculture and other areas of relevance. The Decision:
- 7. “Improved human well-being and social equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities.” United Nations Development Programme (UNDP): Definition of The Green Economy:
- 8. “The sustainable development of our island countries relies on the health and vitality of the marine environment. For the Pacific SIDS, the ‘green economy’ is in fact a ‘blue economy. Accordingly, we envision a Rio+20 agenda that prominently features the conservation and sustainable management of marine and ocean resources, and SIDS's ability to enjoy a greater share in the benefits derived from those resources.” Pacific-Small Islands Developing States (P-SIDS): The Blue Economy:
- 9. “The Living Ocean and Coast: Diversity of Resources and Sustainable activities” defines “blue economy” as the global sharing of green growth based on new science and technology applied to the ocean. Yeosu declaration: The Blue Economy:
- 10. Abu Dhabi Declaration on Blue Economy: “Recognise the need for the further development and refinement of the Blue Economy concept and call for prompt action in that regard that, drawing from and building upon existing initiatives, to mainstream and enable the Blue Economy concept as a distinct tool on the international sustainable development agenda including the elaboration of Sustainable Development Goals that recognise the importance of the Blue Economy for sustainable development.”
- 11. • Choose to use “Blue Growth” rather than “Blue Economy” Other definitions of “Blue Economy” exist which includes: - oil and mineral extraction from the sea bed, - transport sector, and - even the blue sky. • A more dynamic term indicating movement towards a goal or goals as in the FAO overarching goals and Strategic Framework, and • Emphasizes the Blue Growth contribution to goals and objectives. The name:
- 12. “The Sustainable Contribution, and Conservation, of Living Renewable Resources in the Marine and Fresh Water Ecosystems as well as adjacent Coastal and Inland Ecosystems, to Food and Nutrition Security and Poverty Alleviation.” The definition: The Blue Growth:
- 13. • Increasing population growth. • Importance of fish as a nutrient far beyond the protein contribution, and • 2030 Scenario. Backdrop:
- 14. Fish demand driven by population and income growth: • Per capita fish demand in 2030 estimated based on assumptions: • GDP per capita projection by IMF • Prices unchanged • Preference unchanged • Total fish demand in 2030 estimated based on: • Estimated per capita demand in 2030. • UN population projection in 2030. • Non-food fish demand unchanged
- 15. • Capture Fisheries. • Aquaculture. • Other or “novel” ecosystem services contributing to livelihoods, and • Trade/markets/post harvest and social support. Four Pathways:
- 16. Capture Fisheries: Increase, Sunken Billions, CCRF, EAF. Biological management and conservation, business management, political/economic management. Contribution to Blue Growth : - 10 - 20 millions tonnes - USD 50 billion annually - Capture fisheries are an important source of food, nutrition, employment and income for millions of people, particularly in remote rural areas - Capture fisheries face serious challenges: • Degraded environment and ecosystems • Overexploited fish stocks • IUU fishing • Climate change and ocean acidification
- 17. Aquaculture: GAAP, EAA. Biological management and conservation (incl. bio-security), business management, planning and regulatory implementation. Contribution to Blue Growth: • 50-100 million tonnes a year
- 18. Other or “novel” ecosystem services: Mangroves, storm/wave bulwarks, seagrass carbon sequestration and UN-REDD, greater symbiosis with crops (rice etc./fish production, fertilizer/pesticide runoffs), tourism (nature, culinary, culture), salt beds. Contribution to Blue Growth: Sky’s the limit !!!
- 19. Trade/markets/post harvest and social support: Waste reduction, non-food v. food utilization, customs tariff issues, most traded, social complexities in Small Scale Fisheries. Contribution to Blue growth: • From non-food: 10 million tonnes • From waste food: 15 million tonnes
- 20. Blue Growth: Prospects for feeding & Sustaining a growing World population . • Highly nutritious food to a growing population • Rich & precious biodiversity • Jobs / livelihoods–especially for women • Energy source: wind, wave, tides • Blue carbon / carbon sequestration
- 21. Blue Growth long-term sustainability = long-term benefits • Eradicate food insecurity and malnutrition • Ensure better health of oceans through: • sustainable management of natural resources • habitat preservation • Improve equitable socio- economic development and human well -being
- 22. • FAO Corporate Initiative/Major Area of Work in the context of the Strategic Framework and the Strategic Objectives. Endorsed. • Included in FAO Regional initiatives. Included in the Regional initiatives in the Near East: 1) Building resilience for enhanced food security and nutrition in the Near East and North Africa 2) Water scarcity initiative 3) Sustainable small-scale agriculture for inclusive development. And a Regional initiative in Asia • As a conceptual base and common banner for all FAO work in the defined sphere of “Blue Growth”. Anchored in SO2 as well as incorporated in other SOs. • As a corporate Extra Budgetary Fund raising drive led by the FAO Technical Cooperation Department (TC) to benefit all that are working in implementation within the scope of the “Blue Growth” concept. Being prepared in cooperation between TC and FI. • As a guiding light in our O6 “normative”, international cooperation, Corporate Technical Activities and advocacy work as well as in political messaging for the organization as a whole. DG’s speech at the Abu Dhabi Blue Economy Summit Jan. 2014. • As a point of departure for the emphasis in the work of the Technical Network, being done, and • Most importantly, as a conceptual framework for country-level programmes. Lombok, Indonesia etc. How do we best use the “Blue Growth” concept to guide and support our work?
- 23. Good luck in applying the Blue Growth Concept !!! !شكرا Merci! Thank you
Notas do Editor
- From ancient times, fisheries and aquaculture have been an important source of food and a provider of livelihoods and economic benefits to millions. Total demand for food – and feed – will soar as the global population rises, requiring a substantial increase in global food production. 17% of animal protein consumed worldwide comes from fisheries and aquaculture, and in many small island developing states the figure is much higher. Fish provide much needed essential micronutrients, critical to healthy brain and child development. Fish and fishery products are among the most highly traded food commodities with nearly 40% of all production now being exported. This has particularly benefited developing countries who now account for over 50% of world fish exports destined for human consumption. The livelihoods of 820 million people, 12%, depend on fisheries and aquaculture, mainly in the developing world, providing jobs from harvesting to distribution. Many are women and most are in small-scale communities.The sector thus contributes to livelihood security for a large part of the global popul.
- 30 percent of world fish stocks are estimated to be overexploited, depleted or recovering from depletion, with economic losses US$50 billion/y. Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing remains one of the greatest threats to marine ecosystems, undermining national and regional efforts to manage fisheries sustainably and conserve marine biodiversity. Loss of biodiversity from human activities in the oceans and on the coasts persists. Pollution, climate change, increase in hypoxic areas, invasive species and ocean acidification are some of the reasons. And climate change is posing new challenges to populations who rely on the oceans, in particular for small-island developing states (SIDS) which are uniquely vulnerable because of their high dependence on aquatic ecosystems.
- In its simplest expression, a green economy can be thought of as one which is low carbon, resource efficient and socially inclusive.
- Working definition at the moment, cross cutting and inclusive, yet defined to certain things and a certain purpose. Open to constructive criticism.
- Population growth mainly in Asia and Africa, where per capita fish consumption lower than other regions. Thus, world per capita fish demand would decline from 17.8 kg in 2007 to 16.6 kg in 2030 even if every country maintains its per capita consumption in 2007.
- The sector of fisheries and aquaculture contributes significantly to national economies, income and livelihood for millions of people around the world. In 2008, the first sale value of capture fisheries was estimated at US$ 100 billion and that of aquaculture at 98 billion, in addition to US$ 7.4 billion of aquatic plants. This harvest undergoes a primary and a secondary processing before distribution, generating additional value at each subsequent step, estimated in 2007 at US$ 90 billion, 180 US$ billion and 350 US$ billion respectively for primary processing, secondary processing and distribution. This value addition is also accompanied by employment opportunities, especially for women employed in first and secondary processing in developing countries. Employment in fisheries and aquaculture: - 52 million persons in fisheries and aquaculture 2008 195 million along the value chain - 660 - 880 million persons (12%) depend on the sector for their livelihoods
- Fisheries and aquaculture are important for food to an increasing population. They source of animal protein etc. for coastal popul., developing countries. Access to fishery resources, processing and trade is important, sometimes the only option open for livelihoods, improving earnings and quality of lives. Employment in the fisheries and aquaculture sectors has grown faster than the world’s population and faster than employment in traditional agriculture. When sustainably protected and managed, the biodiversity of the oceans are a foundation of earth’s life support systems, the welfare of future gene. Oceans hold potential for renewable alternatives to carbon-based energy such as wind, wave and tidal energy. Oceans ecosystems also play a critical role in maintaining our climate, representing the single largest long-term sink for carbon. Vegetated habitats in the oceans constitute the blue carbon sinks and account for a majority of carbon storage in the oceans. AS well as carbon seque.2-3 times forests.
- FAO position? DG and Blue Economy SF, DC, RI, Country lead, GCI, FAO BGI has asked me to provide support to those that are making a case for an Oceans SDG. The case for a stand alone SDG for Oceans has now been made or is in the process of being made by champion countries and NGOs supported by the UN system. Now the Member countries have to decide as the SG says. Not the agencies and the programmes. But I promise you we will do everything we can to support you in setting up a stand alone goal on Oceans and to implement your high aspirations when the SDG on Oceans has been set.
- How do we best use the “Blue Growth” concept to guide and support our work? FAO Corporate Initiative or Initiatives in the context of the SF and the SOs. Excellent opportunity here for effective implementation of SF. Everything in the Concept is to be found in the already defined Products and Services. The advantage for greater impact lies in the alignment leading to increased synergies and less transaction costs. Included in FAO initiatives. As a corporate Extra Budgetary Funds raising drive led by the FAO Technical Cooperation Department (TC) to benefit all that are working in implementation within the scope of the “Blue Growth” concept. Resources are always critical to success and therefore this could be said to be probably the most critical way to use the concept. As a guiding light in our O6 “normative”, international cooperation, Corporate Technical Activities and advocacy work as well as in political messaging for the organization as a whole. As a point of departure for the emphasis in the work of the Technical Network. Most importantly, as a conceptual framework for country-level programme. But most importantly ! As a concept to build country projects for maximum country level impact. Setting up common approaches and methods as well as adaption. Sharing of experiences, knowledge, south-south cooperation.