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Birla 
Vishvakarma 
Mahavidyalaya
Types of wires and cables
INTRODUCTION TO 
WIRES 
 There are mainly 6 types of wires are 
there. 
 vulcanised indian rubber wire (V.I.R) 
 tough rubber sheathed wire (T.R.S) 
 poly vinyl chloride wire (P.V.C.) 
 Lead alloy sheathed wire 
 weather proof wires 
 flexible wire
Types of wires and cables
V.I.R (Vulcanised Indian Rubber) 
wires. 
 A VIR wire mainly consists of a tinned conductor 
having rubber coating. 
 Tinning of conductor prevents the sticking of 
rubber to the conductor. 
 Thickness of rubber mainly depends on the 
operating voltage to which wire is designed. 
 A cotton bradding is done over the rubber 
insulations to protect the conductor against the 
moisture. 
 Finally the wire is finished with wax for 
cleanliness. 
 Nowadays these wires are not used since a 
better quality wires are available at a cheaper 
rate.
Types of wires and cables
T.R.S. (Tough Rubber Sheathed) 
wires. 
 This type of wire is a modification of V.I.R. 
wire. It consist of the ordinary rubber coated 
conductors with an additional sheath of 
tough rubber. 
 This layer provides better protection against 
moisture and wear and tear. Also it provides 
an extra insulation. 
 These wires are generally available in 
single conductor, two conductors or three 
conductors.
Types of wires and cables
About :
Lead alloy sheathed wires. 
 The ordinary wires can be used only at dry 
places but for damp places these wires are 
covered with continuous lead sheaths. 
 The layer of lead covering is very thin like 
0.12 cm thick. 
 These wires provides little mechanical 
protections to the wires.
Weather proof wires. 
 These types of wires are used outdoor i.e. 
providing a service connection from 
overhead line to building etc. 
 In this type of wire the conductor is not 
tinned and the conductor is covered with 
three braids of fibrous yarn and saturated 
with water proof compound.
Flexible wires. 
 These wires consists of number of strands 
instead of a single conductor. (Strand is a very 
thin conductor). 
 The conductor is insulated with P.V.C. material. 
 These wires are very useful for household 
portable appliances where flexibility of wire is 
more important. 
 Typical specifications 
 55/.01mm(55 strands of 0.1mm diameter), 
maximum current 6A,used for household 
purposes.
INRODUCTION TO CABLES. 
 A power cable is an assembly of two or more 
electrical conductors, usually held together 
with an overall sheath. The assembly is used 
for transmission of electrical power. Power 
cables may be installed as permanent wiring 
within buildings, buried in the ground, run 
overhead, or exposed. 
 Flexible power cables are used for portable 
devices, mobile tools and machinery.
GENERAL CONSTRUCTION. 
 1. Conductor or Core. 
 2. Insulation. 
 3. Metallic Sheath. 
 4. Bedding. 
 5. Armouring. 
 6. Serving.
TYPES OF CABLES. 
 The types of cables basically 
decided based on the voltage 
level for which it is manufactured 
and material used for the insulation 
such as paper,cotton,rubber etc. the 
classification of cables according to 
the voltage levels is, 
 Low Tension Cables (L.T. Cables). 
Medium and High tension Cables 
(H.T. Cables).
BELTED CABLES. 
These cables are used for the 
voltage level up to 11 kV. The 
construction of belted cable is 
is shown in fig. 
 The cores are not in circular 
shape. 
 The cores are insulated from 
each other by use of impregnated 
paper. 
 The gaps are filled with fibrous 
material like jute. 
 The belt is covered with lead 
sheath.
SUPER TENSION (S.T.) 
CABLES. 
 The S.T. cables are intended for 
132 kV to 25 kV voltage levels. 
 In such cables, the following 
methods are specially used to 
eliminate the possibility of 
void formation: 
 Instead of solid type insulation, 
low viscosity oils under pressure 
is used for impregnation. 
 Using inert gas at high pressure in 
b/w the lead sheath & dielectric.
OIL FILLED CABLES 
 In case of oil filled cables, the 
channels or ducts are provided 
within or adjacent to the cores, 
through which oil under pressure 
is circulated. 
 It consists of concentric standard 
conductor but built around a hallow 
cylindrical steel spiral core, which 
acts as a channel for oil.
Cable Structure.
GAS PRESSURE CABLES 
 An inert gas like N at high pressure 
is introduced lead sheath and 
dielectric. 
 Gas like SF6 is also used in 
cables. 
 Pressure is about 12-15 
atmosphere. 
 Working power factors is 
also high.
THANK YOU
Presented by 
 Dhruvit Kardani 130070109033

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Types of wires and cables

  • 1. 1 Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya
  • 3. INTRODUCTION TO WIRES  There are mainly 6 types of wires are there.  vulcanised indian rubber wire (V.I.R)  tough rubber sheathed wire (T.R.S)  poly vinyl chloride wire (P.V.C.)  Lead alloy sheathed wire  weather proof wires  flexible wire
  • 5. V.I.R (Vulcanised Indian Rubber) wires.  A VIR wire mainly consists of a tinned conductor having rubber coating.  Tinning of conductor prevents the sticking of rubber to the conductor.  Thickness of rubber mainly depends on the operating voltage to which wire is designed.  A cotton bradding is done over the rubber insulations to protect the conductor against the moisture.  Finally the wire is finished with wax for cleanliness.  Nowadays these wires are not used since a better quality wires are available at a cheaper rate.
  • 7. T.R.S. (Tough Rubber Sheathed) wires.  This type of wire is a modification of V.I.R. wire. It consist of the ordinary rubber coated conductors with an additional sheath of tough rubber.  This layer provides better protection against moisture and wear and tear. Also it provides an extra insulation.  These wires are generally available in single conductor, two conductors or three conductors.
  • 10. Lead alloy sheathed wires.  The ordinary wires can be used only at dry places but for damp places these wires are covered with continuous lead sheaths.  The layer of lead covering is very thin like 0.12 cm thick.  These wires provides little mechanical protections to the wires.
  • 11. Weather proof wires.  These types of wires are used outdoor i.e. providing a service connection from overhead line to building etc.  In this type of wire the conductor is not tinned and the conductor is covered with three braids of fibrous yarn and saturated with water proof compound.
  • 12. Flexible wires.  These wires consists of number of strands instead of a single conductor. (Strand is a very thin conductor).  The conductor is insulated with P.V.C. material.  These wires are very useful for household portable appliances where flexibility of wire is more important.  Typical specifications  55/.01mm(55 strands of 0.1mm diameter), maximum current 6A,used for household purposes.
  • 13. INRODUCTION TO CABLES.  A power cable is an assembly of two or more electrical conductors, usually held together with an overall sheath. The assembly is used for transmission of electrical power. Power cables may be installed as permanent wiring within buildings, buried in the ground, run overhead, or exposed.  Flexible power cables are used for portable devices, mobile tools and machinery.
  • 14. GENERAL CONSTRUCTION.  1. Conductor or Core.  2. Insulation.  3. Metallic Sheath.  4. Bedding.  5. Armouring.  6. Serving.
  • 15. TYPES OF CABLES.  The types of cables basically decided based on the voltage level for which it is manufactured and material used for the insulation such as paper,cotton,rubber etc. the classification of cables according to the voltage levels is,  Low Tension Cables (L.T. Cables). Medium and High tension Cables (H.T. Cables).
  • 16. BELTED CABLES. These cables are used for the voltage level up to 11 kV. The construction of belted cable is is shown in fig.  The cores are not in circular shape.  The cores are insulated from each other by use of impregnated paper.  The gaps are filled with fibrous material like jute.  The belt is covered with lead sheath.
  • 17. SUPER TENSION (S.T.) CABLES.  The S.T. cables are intended for 132 kV to 25 kV voltage levels.  In such cables, the following methods are specially used to eliminate the possibility of void formation:  Instead of solid type insulation, low viscosity oils under pressure is used for impregnation.  Using inert gas at high pressure in b/w the lead sheath & dielectric.
  • 18. OIL FILLED CABLES  In case of oil filled cables, the channels or ducts are provided within or adjacent to the cores, through which oil under pressure is circulated.  It consists of concentric standard conductor but built around a hallow cylindrical steel spiral core, which acts as a channel for oil.
  • 20. GAS PRESSURE CABLES  An inert gas like N at high pressure is introduced lead sheath and dielectric.  Gas like SF6 is also used in cables.  Pressure is about 12-15 atmosphere.  Working power factors is also high.
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