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Neo  Human Relations Theory
Social Psychologists :
 Maslow
 McGregor (theory X and theory Y)
 Likert
 Argyris
Maslow- developed a seminal theory of the
needs of human beings.
Herberg and McGregor- both focus on
motivation and leadership.
Focus on human motivation:
Satisfaction
 Incentive
 Intrinsic
Maslow (1943)
1. This psychologist proposed a hierarchy of human needs
building from basic needs at the base to higher needs at the
top.
2. Maslow made assumptions that people need
to satisfy each level of need, before Self-
elevating their needs to the next Actualization
higher level.
Self- Esteem
Physiological Needs
Theory X Theory Y
(essentially “scientific” mgt)
Lazy Like working
Avoid responsibility Accept/ seek
responsibility
Therefore need control/coercion Need space to
develop imagination/
ingenuity
Schein type: “rational economic man” Schein type: “self-
actualizing man”
Herzberg showed two categories of findings:
 Motivators- factors giving rise to satisfaction
 Hygiene factors- factors giving rise to dissatisfaction
Important Motivators Important Hygiene
Achievement Company policy
and recognition
Recognition Supervision- technical
aspect
Work itself Salary
Responsibility Interpersonal relations-
supervision
Advancement Working conditions
Likert
-described „new patterns of management‟ based on the
behaviors of managers.
Four Main Patterns:
 Exploitative- power and direction come from the top
downwards
 Benevolent- allows some upward opportunities for
consultation

 Consultative- goals are set or orders issued after
discussion with subordinates
 Participative- organization is in a cooperative way.
Argysis
- studied that classical models of organization promoted
“immaturity.”
Characteristics of Employee
Immaturity Maturity
Passivity Activity
Dependence Relevance independence
Behave in a few ways Behave in many ways
Erratic, shallow interests Deeper interests
Short time perspective Long time perspective
Subordinate position Equal or superior position
Lack of awareness of self Awareness and self-
control

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Neo Human Relations Theory

  • 2. Social Psychologists :  Maslow  McGregor (theory X and theory Y)  Likert  Argyris Maslow- developed a seminal theory of the needs of human beings.
  • 3. Herberg and McGregor- both focus on motivation and leadership. Focus on human motivation: Satisfaction  Incentive  Intrinsic
  • 4. Maslow (1943) 1. This psychologist proposed a hierarchy of human needs building from basic needs at the base to higher needs at the top. 2. Maslow made assumptions that people need to satisfy each level of need, before Self- elevating their needs to the next Actualization higher level. Self- Esteem Physiological Needs
  • 5. Theory X Theory Y (essentially “scientific” mgt) Lazy Like working Avoid responsibility Accept/ seek responsibility Therefore need control/coercion Need space to develop imagination/ ingenuity Schein type: “rational economic man” Schein type: “self- actualizing man”
  • 6. Herzberg showed two categories of findings:  Motivators- factors giving rise to satisfaction  Hygiene factors- factors giving rise to dissatisfaction Important Motivators Important Hygiene Achievement Company policy and recognition Recognition Supervision- technical aspect Work itself Salary Responsibility Interpersonal relations- supervision Advancement Working conditions
  • 7. Likert -described „new patterns of management‟ based on the behaviors of managers. Four Main Patterns:  Exploitative- power and direction come from the top downwards  Benevolent- allows some upward opportunities for consultation   Consultative- goals are set or orders issued after discussion with subordinates  Participative- organization is in a cooperative way.
  • 8. Argysis - studied that classical models of organization promoted “immaturity.” Characteristics of Employee Immaturity Maturity Passivity Activity Dependence Relevance independence Behave in a few ways Behave in many ways Erratic, shallow interests Deeper interests Short time perspective Long time perspective Subordinate position Equal or superior position Lack of awareness of self Awareness and self- control