Salimpur mangrove forest visiting for Fild trip purpose conducting by BSMR Maritime University & Chittagong University

1. WelcomeWelcome

2. A presentation is on the topic of :
Observation and Understanding of
Marine Ecology and Marine Resources in
Chittagong.

3. Contents:
Over view of our presentation
Mangrove forest, Types, Ecology, Bio-diversity
Mangrove in the world, Bangladesh
Roll of Mangrove, its necessity.
Karnaphuli estuary, its bio-diversity
Chittagong sea port
How sea port conduct their activity
The KSBL Ship Breaking Yards
Their Activity.

4. Overview of our today's presentation
We will try to make you
understand that What we
have learned from out field
trip.
What are the potential of
mangroves for environment,
ecology and Human.
What is the roll of Chittagong
Sea Port, Ship Breaking Yards.
The ecology, ecosystem of
Karnaphuli Estuary

5. What is Blue Mangrove?
The plants that
grow between
land and sea in
the tropical and
subtropical
region at 25°N to
25°S from the
equator are
called mangrove
forest.

6. Mangrove Status in the world:
Total mangrove area of the world is about 2, 36,000 km.
Country Area(Hector)
Indonesia 3,062,300
Australia 1,451,411
Brazil 1,012,376
Nigeria 997,700
Mexico 882,032
Malaysia 564,971
Cuba 545,805
Myanmar 518,646
Bangladesh 476,215
India 446,100

7. Mangrove Status in Bangladesh:
Types Quentity
Plants 350
Fishes 400
Birds 290
Tigers 106
Mammals 49
Reptiles 53
Shrimps 20
Lobster 08

8. Salimpur Mangrove Forest

9. Types of mangroves
Three types of Mangrove
1.Red Mangrove
2.Black Mangrove
3.White Mangrove
Red Mangrove Black Mangrove
White
Mangrove
And Salimpur mangrove forest is Black
forest and some parts are Red forest.

10. What we found at Salimpur
Mangrove Forest
Acanthus ilicifolius Acanthus ebracteatus
1. Spines of leaves can be seen
perfectly.
1. Spines of the leaves can’t
identify properly.
2. 15 spines on every leaf and
spines are sharp.
2. No spines or unclear
spines.
3. Picture:
Fig12: Acanthus ilicifolius
Picture:
Fig13: Acanthus ebracteatus

11. Continued
Sessuvium
Sonneratia
•S. caseolaris
•S. ovata
•S. alba

12. Sonneratia ovate VS Sonneratia alba
Sonneratia ovate Sonneratia alba
Round leaves and folded Smooth round leaves
Pictures:
fig21: Sonneratia ovata
Pictures:
fig22: Sonneratia alba
Sonneratia ovate Sonneratia alba

13. Avicennia
1 - 10 metres tall,
northern Australia,
up to 25 metres tall.
20 - 40cm in diameter.
•A. mariana •A. alba
•up to 30 metres tall
•is an evergreen shrub
•Growing in the tidal mudflats

14. Method of counting species of
animals and plents
Following Quadrate method we had selected
(10m× 10m) area for counting

15. Result:
After conducting an activity of quadrat method
of 10m x10m area we got following result:
Species Quantity
Pneumetaphore 6170
Sonnaratia 04
Acanthus 1600
Sesovium 2135
Crabs 72
grasswort 4

16. We can view it at a graphical
method like the following-

17. We also do the same on 1m x 1m
area and found the following
result:
Species Quantity
Crab holes 29
Pneumetaphore 93
Sesuvium 85
Avicennia 1

18. The insitu parameters we found in
the mangrove forests are-
Paremeters Value
Teparature 26°C
PH 5.5
Salinity 29
D.O. 18

19. We Collect sediments from
mangrove’s low tidal zone.
Sediment
Collecting

20. Way to follow:
The given all steps should
follow everyone.
We also done by this method
We analysis the data in laboratory.

21. How Sediment absorbed???
Complex root system that
holds the plants upright in
the shifting sediments
where land and water
meet is seen in them.

22. Uses of mangroves Biological Diversity -
They provide food, nesting
and nursery areas for many
animals which include at least
200 over fish species, 20
reptiles and amphibian
species, 15 mammal species
and over a 150 bird species.
Remove the mangroves and
many of these species might
be driven to extinction,
invariably affecting us as
source of food and water and
many other ways.

23. More uses
Environmental & Natural
Disaster Protection-
Mangroves protect the
coastline by acting as "wave
breaks”.
They stabilize coastlines and
serve as natural
barriers/protectors against
huge storms, preserving
coastlines.
They act as wind breaks
which reduce the force of
winds, lowering the
chances of property getting
destroyed in wind storms.

24. Some more uses
Retain, Concentrate , Recycle
Nutrients –
 Mangroves retain,
concentrate, and recycle
nutrients and also trap debris,
sediments, excess nutrients and
toxicants through their natural
filtering processes and this
improves water quality of tidal
rivers that drain through the
mangroves.

25. Uses..
Provide
Resources -
The mangroves
provide us with
food and
water,
medicinal
herbs, timber,
fuel, and
materials.

26. Importance of mangroves
They are the buffer zone between the land and the
sea.
Mangroves protect the soil from erosion.
They play an invaluable role as a nature’s shield
against cyclones, ecological disasters and as protector
of shorelines.
They are a breeding and nursery grounds for a variety
of marine animals.

27. Continued
Harbor a variety of life forms like invertebrates, fish,
amphibians, reptiles, birds and even mammals like
tigers.
Good source of timber, fuel and fodder.
Main source of income generation for shoreline
communities like fisher folk.
Save the marine diversity, which is fast diminishing.
Purify the water by absorbing impurities and harmful
heavy metals and help us to breathe a clean air by
absorbing pollutants in the air.

28. Role of mangroves in tsunami
prone areas..Dense mangrove forests growing
along the coasts of tropical and sub-
tropical countries can help reduce the
devastating impact of tsunamis and
coastal storms by absorbing some of
the waves’ energy.
When the tsunami struck
Bangladesh's southern part on 15
November 2007, for example, areas in
Bagerhat and other districts with
dense mangroves suffered fewer
human casualties and less damage to
property compared to areas without
mangroves.
Without Mangrove
With
Mangrove

29. Mangroves destroyed due to
human activities
Despite their critical importance, mangroves are
disappearing at an alarming rate around the world.
Human development, industrial activity, and
aquaculture are rapidly replacing these salt-tolerant
trees and the ecosystems they support.
In just in the last decade, at least 35 percent of the
world's mangroves have
been destroyed.
That’s a rate of loss that
exceeds the disappearance
of tropical rainforests.

30. Exploitation
of mangroves
Approximately 35% of mangrove area
was lost during the last several decades
of the twentieth century (in countries
for which sufficient data exist), which
encompass about half of the area of
mangroves.
The united nations environment
program also estimated shrimp
farming causes a quarter of the
destruction of mangrove forests.
Likewise, the 2010 update of the World
Mangrove Atlas (WMA) indicated a fifth
of the world's mangrove ecosystems
have been lost since 1980.

31. If the mangroves are destroyed, there will be ecosystem
degradation and species endangerment, and loss of wetlands.
Declines in fish and wildlife population, floods, problem
in water quality will also occur.
Thus there arises need to conserve mangroves.
Conserve

32. Conservation of mangroves
Afforestation.(distinct conservation effort)
Legislation.(including laws and policies)
Monitoring and Surveys.(land and aerial, etc.)
Protection.(including conservation, parks and
reserves development, etc.)
Recommendations.
Soil conservation.
Status studies.

33. Try to make More mangrove forest
in our coastline

34. How to grow mangroves?
Mangrove saplings could be easily
grown in the nurseries with the
locally available seeds/wildlings.
Necessary help for raising saplings
could be secured from the local
forest department or
organizations like
M.S.Swaminathan Research
Foundation, Coastal community
Development Agency.
Develop mangrove plantations
near the existing shrimp farms and
near by mangrove areas through
planting of mangrove saplings.

35. Thus saving them is important
The destruction of mangrove ecosystems is caused
mainly because of the conservation benefits of
mangroves not receiving importance and the little
understanding of the role mangroves play for
sustenance of other economic systems.
This has led to mangroves being considered as
wastelands with little use, and no value.
But now assuming their advantages , we should see to
it that they are conserved.