ASSIGNMENT No. 2 DEFINITIONS AMBREEN SADAF bsot02153003 12/26/2017   THE UNIVERSITY OF LAHORE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH PROFESSIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SUBJECT: CLINICAL ORTHOPEDICS AND OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY IN ORTHOPEDICS ASSIGNED BY: MISS WAJEEHA DATE OF SUBMISSION: 26TH DECEMBER 2017 SUBMITTED BY: AMBREEN SADAF (BSOT02153003) LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Definitions of Goal Tinel’s sign Neurotization Posture and its types Glove and stocking sensation Poliomyelitis Chronis arthritis Causes Treatment

1. ASSIGNMENT No. 2
DEFINITIONS
AMBREEN SADAF
bsot02153003
12/26/2017

2. 1
THE UNIVERSITY OF LAHORE
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH PROFESSIONAL TECHNOLOGIES
SUBJECT: CLINICAL ORTHOPEDICS AND OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY
IN ORTHOPEDICS
ASSIGNED BY: MISS WAJEEHA
DATE OF SUBMISSION: 26TH DECEMBER 2017
SUBMITTED BY: AMBREEN SADAF (BSOT02153003)

3. 2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
 Definitions
o Goal
o Tinel’s sign
o Neurotization
o Posture and its types
o Glove and stocking sensation
 Poliomyelitis
 Chronis arthritis
o Causes
o Treatment

4. 3
GOALS:
 The purpose toward which an endeavor (effort) is directed, such as the
outcome of diagnostic, therapeutic and educational management of a
patient’s health problem. (a)
TINEL’S SIGN:
 The sign that a nerve is irritated. For example, in carpal tunnel syndrome,
where the median nerve is compressed at the wrist, the test for Tinel's sign is
often positive, eliciting tingling in the thumb, index, and middle fingers. (b)

5. 4
NEUROTIZATION:
 The regeneration of a nerve after its division.
 The implantation of a nerve into a paralyzed muscle. (c)
POSTURE:
 Posture is a “position or attitude of the body either with support during
muscular inactivity, or by the means of the coordinated action of many
muscles working to maintain stability or to form an essential basis which is
being adapted constantly to the movement which is supper-imposed upon it.
 POSTUREacronym for east reference:
P-Pelvis is neutral, with weight distributed.
O-On the whole foot.
S-Stable joints.
T-Tight abdominals.
U-Upright ribs.
R-Retracted shoulders
E-Ear over shoulder
Types of Postures
There are two types of postures:
 Inactive postures
 Active postures
Static postures Dynamic postures

6. 5
Inactive Posture:
 Attitude adopted for resting or sleeping.
 All essential muscular activity reduces to minimum.
 Used for training general relaxation.
Active Postures:
 Integrated activity or action of many muscles is required to maintain active
posture.
 It may be either Static or Dynamic.
1. Static posture
 The bodyand its segments are aligned and maintained in certain position.
 Constant pattern of posture.
E.g.: Standing, lying and sitting.

7. 6
2. Dynamic posture
 The bodyand its segments are constantly modified and adjusted to meet the
changing circumstances which arise as the result of movement.
E.g.: Walking, running, jumping, throwing and lifting. (d)
GLOVE AND STOCKING:
 Stocking and glove neuropathy occurs when nerves in the arms and legs
incur damage due to illness or disease. Stocking and glove neuropathy
derives its name from the fact that the sensation often mimics the feeling of
wearing gloves or stockings. Physicians often refer to this condition as
peripheral neuropathy. (f)

8. 7
POLIOMYELITIS:
 Poliomyelitis, often called polio or infantile paralysis, is an infectious
disease caused by the poliovirus. In about 0.5 percent of cases there is
muscle weakness resulting in an inability to move.
Causes:
 Polio, or poliomyelitis, is a crippling and potentially deadly infectious
disease. It is caused by the poliovirus. The virus spreads from person to
person and can invade an infected person's brain and spinal cord, causing
paralysis (can't move parts of the body).
Treatment:
1. Bed rest.
2. Painkillers.
3. Antispasmodic drugs to relax muscles.
4. Antibiotics for urinary tract infections.
5. Portable ventilators to help with breathing.
6. Physical therapy or corrective braces to help with walking.
7. Heating pads or warm towels to ease muscle aches and spasms.( f)
CHRONIC ARTHRITIS:
 Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that
primarily affects joints.
 It typically results in warm, swollen, and painful joints.
 Pain and stiffness often worsen following rest.

9. 8
Causes:
 Exposure to certain types of bacteria, such as those associated with
periodontal disease
 Having a history of viral infections like infection with the Epstein-Barr virus,
which causes mononucleosis
 Trauma or injury, such as bone breakage or fracture, dislocation of a joint,
and ligament damage
 Smoking cigarettes
 Obesity
Treatment:
 NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
 Corticosteroids
 DMARDs (disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs)
 Hydrotherapy
 Electrotherapy
 Immunosuppressant
 Massage
 Osteopathy (g)

10. 9
REFERENCES
a. https://www.google.com.pk/search?ei=TdA9WqHvKeqFgAaS_rfADA&
q=goals+definition+in+medicl&oq=goals+definition+in+medicl&gs_l=p
sy-ab.3...15682.19448.0.20113.15.13.0.0.0.0.488.1999.2-
3j1j2.6.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-
ab..10.4.1438...0j0i67k1j0i22i30k1j33i21k1.0.cgwIUQ6ZmZ4
b. https://www.google.com.pk/search?ei=Y9A9Ws2GG-
qfgAbgtIGoCA&q=tinel+sign+in+medicl&oq=tinel+sign+in+medicl&gs
_l=psy-
ab.3...3156.5555.0.6075.10.10.0.0.0.0.216.1424.0j2j5.7.0....0...1c.1.64.ps
y-
ab..3.3.612...0i13k1j0i8i7i10i30k1j0i13i5i30k1j0i13i30k1.0.TMAYv4a8
nwI
c. https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/neurotization
d. http://www.slideshare.net/DrDebanjanMondalPT/posture-43629314
e. https://medicaldictionary.thefreedictionary.com/stocking+%26+glove+dis
tribution
f. https://www.google.com.pk/search?q=poliomyelitis&source=lnms&sa=X
&ved=0ahUKEwi3lo_gtqDYAhUWTY8KHZYyApcQ_AUICSgA&biw
=1024&bih=637&dpr=1
g. https://www.google.com.pk/search?tbm=isch&q=chronic+arthritis+defini
tion&chips=q:rheumatoid+arthritis+definition,g_3:chronic&sa=X&ved=
0ahUKEwilqYqAxKDYAhUMv48KHXnoDkUQ4lYILygB&biw=1024
&bih=637&dpr=1#imgrc=EsSfwS6ZoQoDlM: