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Apoptosis Dr Sehrish Ahmed
Apoptosis
A form of cell death in which a programmed sequence of
events leads to the elimination of cells without releasing
harmful substances into the surrounding area.
Therefore does not elicit inflammatory reaction
Apoptosis my ppt
Apoptosis my ppt
Causes of
Apoptosis
Physiologic pathologic
physiologic situations
Involution of hormone dependent tissues
Apoptosis my ppt
Death of host cells that have served their useful purpose
Apoptosis in pathologic
conditions
DNA Damage
Accumulation of Misfolded
proteins
Cell injury in certain infections
Pathologic atrophy in parenchymal
organs after duct obstruction
Mechanism of Apoptosis
Intrinsic pathway :the
cell kills itself
because it senses cell
stress,
Extrinsic pathway the
cell kills itself
because of signals
from other cells.
Main executors of the apoptotic process is . . ?
• CASPASES
• They stands for Cysteine
Aspartate-specific Protease
• Synthesized as inactive zymogens
(PROCASPASES)
Apoptosis my ppt
Apoptosis my ppt
1. Withdrawal of survival
factors
2. Direct mitochondrial
3. ER stress
4. p53-mediated
5. Viruses
BH3
SENSORS
Apoptosis my ppt
Apoptosis my ppt
Effector Caspases
Initiator Caspases
Apoptosis my ppt
Apoptosis my ppt
Apoptosis my ppt
Apoptosis my ppt
Apoptosis my ppt
DEATHRECEPTORPATHWAY
Apoptosis my ppt
Clearance of
Apoptotic
Cells
Examples of Apoptosis
Growth Factor
Deprivation
DNA Damage
Accumulation of Misfolded Proteins: ER Stress
Apoptosis of
Self-Reactive
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes capable of recognizing self
antigens are normally produced in all
individuals.
If these lymphocytes encounter self
antigens, the cells die by apoptosis.
Both the mitochondrial pathway and the
Fas death receptor pathway
Failure of apoptosis of self-reactive
lymphocytes is one of the causes of
autoimmune diseases.
Apoptosis my ppt
Apoptosis my ppt
Apoptosis my ppt
Thankyou!

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Apoptosis my ppt

Notas do Editor

  1. Apoptosis plays a crucial role in developing and maintaining the health of the body by eliminating old cells, unnecessary cells, and unhealthy cells. The human body replaces perhaps one million cells per second. Too little or too much apoptosis can play a role in many diseases. When apoptosis does not work correctly, cells that should be eliminated may persist and become immortal,  for example, in cancer and leukemia. When apoptosis works overly well, it kills too many cells and inflicts grave tissue damage. This is the case in strokes and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's diseases
  2. Cyt c helps in cellular respiration in mitochondria but when it comes out in the cytosol it takes the cell in apoptosis
  3. Cytochrom c binds to Apaf 1 protein that form a structure call aposome